A description of the latest wave of mass immigration, which began in the 1960s
1) A description of the latest wave of mass immigration, which began in the 1960s. Discuss in detail the particular issues of stratification faced by this latest wave of immigrants, integrating our course materials. Be sure to include dates.
2) A comparison of the impact of the latest wave (approximately 1960s-now) with the first wave (approximately 1820s-1920s) of immigrants in terms of types of populations involved, causes for immigrating, and overall impact on U.S. society, drawing from our course materials; be sure to include dates/years.
3) Your own analysis of how you think the negative consequences of stratification could be improved in society for one particular disadvantaged group of your choosing. What are the specific actions that could be taken and in what areas of social life would the steps create positive change? In doing so, you must apply:
Two social concepts (i.e. discrimination, racism, sexism, ethnocentrism, etc.) from our materials and/or outside scholarly readings for this group. You may find our Sociological Theories and Concepts Toolkit to be helpful (found in Announcements).
Two social theories (i.e. conflict theory, interactionist theory, feminist theory, critical race theory, etc.) from our materials and outside scholarly readings (journal articles no more than five years old) for this group. You may find our Sociological Theories and Concepts Toolkit to be helpful (found in Announcements).
1. The Latest Wave of Mass Immigration (1960s-Present): Stratification and Issues
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 marked a turning point in US immigration policy, shifting the focus from favoring European immigrants to prioritizing family reunification and skilled workers. This led to a surge in immigration from Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, significantly diversifying the immigrant population.
This new wave of immigrants faced unique challenges in navigating a complex social landscape:
- Language barriers: Many immigrants struggled to communicate effectively in English, hindering their ability to find employment, access education, and participate fully in civic life.
- Cultural differences: Navigating unfamiliar cultural norms and social expectations could lead to misunderstandings and discrimination.
- Economic disparities: Many immigrants entered low-wage jobs, often facing exploitation and limited opportunities for advancement.
- Racial and ethnic discrimination: Despite legal protections, many immigrants experienced prejudice and discrimination based on their race, ethnicity, and national origin.
- Geographic concentration: Immigrants often settled in specific neighborhoods, creating ethnic enclaves that could both provide support and reinforce social isolation.
2. Comparing the First and Latest Waves of Immigration
The first wave of mass immigration (1820s-1920s) primarily consisted of Europeans, primarily from Ireland, Germany, and Italy. They were often fleeing poverty, famine, and political instability. This wave contributed significantly to the industrialization of the US, filling labor shortages and fueling economic growth. However, it also led to social tensions and nativism, with concerns about competition for jobs and cultural assimilation.
The latest wave, in contrast, is more diverse, encompassing individuals from across the globe. While economic factors remain significant, factors such as political instability, conflict, and family reunification have become increasingly important drivers. This wave has enriched US society with diverse cultures, cuisines, and perspectives, but it has also presented challenges related to integration, cultural diversity, and social cohesion.
