Cultural Clash

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Below is a student nurse’s experience of cultural diversity. After you have read the extract discuss the questions and answers with your group. Write your answers below.

Giancarlo Dilettoso had been a patient in the cardiac unit for five days. During that time he and his family had upset most of the nursing staff and some of the medical staff as well. Giancarlo never had less than six visitors at one time and frequently the number exceeded ten. He looked exhausted and other patients were complaining. Any approach to the family always ended in confrontation.

Mary, a Division 2 Nurse, came on duty at the beginning of visiting hours. She immediately assessed the situation and approached Giancarlo and his family. Mary calmly and reassuringly informed the family that they were wonderful to support Giancarlo so well. She acknowledged how difficult it was for them to visit several times a day and she knew how proud Giancarlo was to be a member of such a loyal family. Mary then told them that because of the nature of the ward, cardiac care patients had to be kept quiet and free of anxiety at all times. That included Giancarlo. All patients needed their rest and Mary suggested that just until Giancarlo was a bit better, only two relatives visit at one time.

The family responded positively, Giancarlo and the other patients got some rest and Mary was viewed as a magician by her co-workers.

• What did Mary do that differed from previous approaches?

• Do you think the fact that Mary is of Italian background had any bearing on the outcome?

• Have you any personal experience of advantage because you had first-hand knowledge of a particular culture?

Sample Solution

South African nurses have accepted the challenge that was brought about by the Health Reform Policy of 1990 which decreed that health service centres be opened to people of all cultural and racial groups. However, studies on transcultural; nursing have revealed that, problems have occurred during a multicultural nurse patient encounter. Most of these studies have approached the problems from the patients point of view, this study was therefore an attempt to look into the problem from the nurses point of view. The researcher was interested in exploring the sources of such problems, their effects on the nurse patient relationship as well as to find out from the respondents, the possible solutions to such problems.

Africa’s political system started with the formation of chiefdoms and kingdoms. Some kingdoms got their start by using long distance trade to tax the goods that passed through their territory. They used the wealth gained from taxes to build up armies, and chiefs were appointed to take control of neighboring villages, which eventually formed a kingdom. Other kingdoms were formed when village clusters appointed rulers who used their armies to conquer other villages. Some were formed around sacred shrines, which religious authorities used for political power. The remainder of these kingdoms were formed by pastoral groups who moved from place to place taking over certain populations of farmers.

Status and wealth were huge factors in African society. Heredity was the cause of most statuses. For example, if a father was well known and popular in his community, his high status would be passed down to his son. When a man successfully gained a high status, a following and great wealth, he could establish his own group in a society and become a “Big Man”. As a Big Man he would be required to host dinners where he treated his guests to food and drinks. Much of his status was based on a more material viewpoint. Overall, as in any society, status and wealth determined how enjoyable one’s social life was.

Despite the fact that there were thousands of different cultures and beliefs in early Africa, all Africans believed in higher spiritual beings. Some believed in there being one high God, while others worshipped many gods. “Spirits of the Land” were worshipped by agricultural societies. They were believed to be ancestral spirits that guaranteed good harvests. Other societies also believed in ancestral spirits that were basically middle men between them and the high God. These civilizations sacrificed cattle for the spirits. Some even worshipped a supreme God that was believed to bless them with protection and fertility. In some societies, village chiefs roles were appointed to the oldest living descendant of the villages’ founder. Though there were many different types of religious b

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