Cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, bias holism, habitus

Demonstrate your understanding of course concept, terms and key ideas ( cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, bias holism, habitus, social construction etc

 

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Cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, bias holism, habitus

Cultural relativism is the idea that a person`s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person`s own culture, and not to be judged against the criteria. Ethnocentrism means to apply one`s own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved. In sociology, habitus comprises socially ingrained habits, skills and dispositions. It is the way that individuals perceive the social world around and react to it. These dispositions are usually shared by people with similar backgrounds.

Unfortunately, this ambition starts to poison their relationship as both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change into completely different people after the murder. Macbeth goes from being a strong, well-respected man to a cold, heartless, fearless murderer while Lady Macbeth goes from being strong-willed and controlling to a scared, paranoid stereotypical (for a Jacobean audience) woman. With the murder of Duncan, both of them worked together, however, Macbeth starts to become independent with the death of Banquo. Macbeth enforces the murder of Banquo without informing or consulting Lady Macbeth. This shows a change in the routine of their relationship as usually, Macbeth would consult Lady Macbeth before taking any actions, and that the power that he has received has given him the confidence to act alone. There is a tension from the start of the play, especially when the reader/audience first see them together, their individual greetings are very telling; Lady Macbeth says ‘Great Glamis, worthy Cawdor’ praising Macbeth through his titles, suggesting she is attracted to the idea of more power. However, when Macbeth greets Lady Macbeth he says ‘My dearest love’ using affectionate and loving words, suggesting his emotional nature. Lady Macbeth tries to convince Macbeth to kill Duncan, by telling him ‘Look like th’ innocent flower, But be the serpent under’t’. She wants Macbeth to win Duncan’s affections so that when he is killed, Macbeth will not be implicated. This is then to highlight her ability to control Macbeth and his actions. Lady Macbeth is very critical of her husband when she discovers his fears after murdering Duncan, she threatens him and forces him into action ‘Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be, what thou art promised; yet do I fear thy nature, it is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness’. She also criticises him for being unmanly and meek, due to his unwilling to usurp power from Duncan when she says ‘And live a coward in thine own esteem’ and ‘When durst do it, then you were a man’. She makes Macbeth feel unworthy as a man and strips him of his masculinity. Before Duncan’s murder, Macbeth is affectionate and caring towards Lady Macbeth, however, towards the end of the play he, transforms into a tyrant who sho

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