Disorders

 

 

Choose any two of the following disorders from the list given below.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Agoraphobia
Social phobia
Generalized anxiety
PTSD
Utilizing various resources such as the National Institute of Mental Health, BehaveNet and the South University Online Library and answer the following questions:

What are the most common treatments for the disorders you chose?
Explain whether the treatment was or was not an empirically validated treatment.
What are the implications for a treatment that is not empirically validated?
Is pharmacotherapy an empirically validated treatment for the disorder you chose? Why or why not?
Is cognitive-behavioral treatment empirically validated for the disorder you chose? Why or why not?

 

 

 

 

Sample Solution

Disorders

Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) is a mental health condition. It is an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. Agoraphobia treatment usually includes both psychotherapy and medication. Antidepressants – certain antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), are used for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Other types of antidepressants may also effectively treat agoraphobia. The most common treatment for social anxiety disorder includes psychotherapy or medications (benzodiazepines may reduce the level of anxiety) or both. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective type of psychotherapy for anxiety.

 

 

Conceivably the most interesting day of the year is April Fools’ Day. It occurs on the first of April consistently, and it contains tricks and jokes on loved ones, and at times outsiders. The expression to utilize is “April Fools!” after you complete a trick or joke. Be that as it may, there is significantly more right up ’til today than these regular certainties. There is a baffling history of this festival. There is no genuine agreement on when the occasion formally or informally started, however this exposition will manage the entirety of the principle speculations.

The most punctual conceivable notice of April Fools’ Day is in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, written in 1392. In the story “Religious woman’s Priest’s Tale” it is referenced that “Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two.” This appears to be a jokey method for saying the first of April. In any case, present day researchers accept there was a misprint, and that Chaucer implied another date—explicitly the commemoration of the commitment of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia on the second of May (“The Origin of April Fool’s Day”).

The following bit of proof about April Fools’ Day originates from the French artist Eloy d’Amerval. He expounded on “poisson d’avril” which signifies “fish of April” (Amerval, Eliy d.). A few researchers state that April Fools’ Day began in the Middle Ages in Europe, where the New Year was commended on April first. The individuals who had New Year’s Day on January first ridiculed the individuals who participated in the festival on April first by sending individuals angles. Truth be told, January first was made the characteristic of the new year authoritatively just in 1564 as indicated by the Edict of Roussillon (“The Origin of April Fool’s Day”).

Discussing another notice of April Fool’s Day, in 1539, the Flemish artist Eduard de Dene composed a lyric about an aristocrat who caused his hirelings to go on “stupid tasks” (“The Origin of April Fool’s Day”). In a comparable area, in the Netherlands, the start of this day was started with the Dutch triumph at Brielle in 1572 over the Spanish. The imbecile, for this situation, was the crushed Spanish Duke Álvarez de Toledo. However, researchers don’t have the foggiest idea how to clarify this occasion turning into a global occasion (Brielle).

There are additionally two different hypotheses that identify with progressively antiquated occasions. As indicated by History.com, “Antiquarians have additionally connected April Fools’ Day to celebrations, for example, Hilaria, which was praised in old Rome toward the finish of March and included individuals sprucing up in camouflages. There’s likewise theory that April Fools’ Day was attached to the vernal equinox, or the principal day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, when Mother Nature tricked individuals with changing, eccentric climate” (“April Fools’ Day”). As should be obvious, an ever increasing number of speculations crop up the more prominent you explore this occasion.

Ultimately, we return to Great Britain. In 1686, essayist and rationalist John Aubrey expounded on a festival called “Fooles Holy Day.” Besides all the dark references, it is sure that the festival got well known through Great Britain in the eighteenth. As indicated by History.com, “In Scotland, the custom turned into a two-day occasion, beginning with “chasing the gowk,” in which individuals were sent on fake tasks (gowk is a word for cuckoo winged creature, an image for fool) and followed by Tailie Day, which included tricks played on individuals’ derrieres, for example, sticking phony tails or “kick me” signs on them” (“April Fools’ Day”). As time went on, and the festival turned out to be increasingly far reaching, it turned into a one-day occasion.

As you would have seen, April Fools’ Day has a befuddling history. There are various hypotheses about its starting points. It differently began in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, and numerous different places in Europe. It might have been the sign of another year, and it could conceivably have been associated with the vernal equinox. One would need to be an imbecile to acknowledge one hypothesis.

Works Cited

“The Origin of April Fool’s Day.” Museum of Hoaxes, hoaxes.org/af_database/permalink/origin_of_april_fools_day/.

Amerval, Eliy d. Le Livre De La Deablerie. Michel Le Noir, 1508.

Brielle. “School Van B and W.” Gemeente Brielle/Bestuur, Organisatie En Beleid/, web.archive.org/web/20130517121717/http://www.brielle.nl/bestuur-organisatie-en-beleid/school van-b-w_3907/.

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