Cognitive development at adolescence.

 

Describe research findings that challenge Piaget’s notion of a new, discrete stage of cognitive development at adolescence.

 

Sample Solution

Cognitive development at adolescence

Jean Piaget`s theory of cognitive development is well-known within the fields of psychology and education, but it has also been the subject of considerable criticism. While presented in a series of discrete, progressive stages, even Piaget believed that development does not always follow such a smooth and predictable path. One issue lies with Piaget`s lack of clear operationally defined variables. In order to replicate his observations and objectively measure how one variable leads to change in another, researchers need to have very specific definitions of each variable. Much of the terminology related to Piaget`s theory lacks these operational definitions, so it is very difficult for researchers to accurately replicate his work (Hopkins JR. The Enduring Influence of Jean Piaget. Associations for Psychological Science.).

e roles women had in regards to civil participation was up and coming during Hilda Polachecks life. Prior to being well versed in the ways of American life, Hilda was under the impression that men had more power than women, and therefore should be treated better. In fact she had stated that, “my father had come to America, I kept saying to myself, because here in this wonderful country a man was free to say what he wanted, even if he was wrong.”. This idea as stated by the father she loved and trusted showed how America felt about women. Women were not supposed to speak out. Men could speak out, and they always had the benefit of the doubt. They were held with high regard in areas of politics and were given a voice. Although what her father had told her seemed great, she was young and did not realize that it was unjust that women would not have the same treatment. Hilda Polacheck, after experiencing America for herself, quickly changed her ways and believed fighting for women’s rights independently and collectively was what she wanted to stand for. A role model of hers, Jane Addams, had shown the capability women had in participating in the community. One incident where Jane Addams had showed the power women had in addressing public concerns was when she had called the attention of the health department to the unsanitary conditions present in Chicago. The department claimed it was under control, but with the backing of some businessmen she put in a bid to collect garbage. In some time she was appointed garbage inspector of the ward. Jane Addams, a woman, was given a role in the community after addressing pressing concerns. She took action where it was needed, and started to try and fix the community in which she lived. Another time a problem existed with public baths, Jane Addams decided she would somehow come up with a solution. Jane Addams wanted to show that people would use public bathing facilities if they were offered to them. However, the board had claimed people would not use the facilities and it would be a major waste of public funds. So after Jane Addams got proof that people used them by having 3 baths put into the Hull House Basement, the Board of Health decided to open the first public bathing facility in all of Chicago. In Miss Addam’s words ,“Our contention was justified by the immediate and overflowing use of the public baths”. After Hilda was introduced to Hull House she wanted to make a way for herself. Hull house had taught her what she needed, and after being an apprentice to the inspiring and determined Jane Addams, she soon became a woman who was determined to make her own way in the world. Hilda had taken many jobs over the course of her life, and although that sounds impressive it also meant she left many of them. One incident where Hilda had a problem with the treatment of employees, was during her time as a bill clerk. Her responsibility was to operate the billing machine, but she was not permitted to talk to the girl next to her. They were given notecards, in which the color of each card would mean different things. After some time working for the company, Hilda’s voice started showing the toll being mute at work had. In response

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