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You are a recent graduate and have been hired by John Jolly to run and interpret a t-test. John is the owner of John’s Jolly Oil Change. John is experimenting with a new oil change process and is trying to determine if the new process takes less time than the old process. John is comparing sample mean times to evaluate his hypothesis about the population (total number of oil changes). Over the period of a week, he took a random sample of oil changes using both the old and new processes. Using the information John provided, you ran a t-test for independent samples. These are the results (α = .05).

When you begin to share the information with John, he immediately says, “Oh my gosh, look at that p-value, it is 9! That is bad, right? What does that E-05 mean at the end of the number?”

You know John is not reading the p-value correctly (due to his misinterpretation of the E-05 at the end of the p-value number). How will you explain the results to John?

Now, think about how you will respond to John. Answer the following questions.

What is the hypothesis in this scenario?
Did the new oil change process take less or more time? How do you know?
In the scenario, did you conduct a one or two-tailed test?
What is the p-value?
(Round to 3 decimal places)
Do you think (as John does) that the result is not statistically significant?
Do the results “prove” anything?

Sample Solution

Following him, Fausto Zevi and Giuseppina Cerulli Irelli had to work hard to resolve the problems caused in Pompeii by the earthquake of 1980. Then in 1984 Baldassare Conticello started an extensive and systematic restoration of buildings in Regio I and II, where excavation work had already been completed.

The excavation of the Complesso dei Casti Amanti was done ex novo (from scratch). The present director, Pietro Giovanni Guzzo (who started his stint in Pompeii in 1994) has had to confront many management and financial problems in order to plan the finishing of excavations and the complete restoration of the buildings. In the most recent years, excavations have been carried out outside the Porta Stabia, and also in Murecine, near the river Sarno, where the Hospitium dei Sulpici has been uncovered.

Many areas are still to be uncovered in Pompeii, but it is even more important to restore what has already been excavated. Today 44 of the 66 hectares of urban area are visible, and it is unanimously considered that the other 22 hectares must be left under the volcanic debris, in order to preserve this important part of our past for future generations.

The nine books of Antichità d’Ercolano Esposte by the Accademia Ercolanese (from 1757 onwards), as well as the works of Winckelmann, Francois Mazois and William Gell, informed the whole of Europe about what was being revealed as the ancient Roman towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii were slowly being uncovered.

The discoveries aroused great interest, and emotion, among Enlightenment circles – and offered many new subjects for cultural debate. Slowly a new, Neo-classical, attitude emerged, influencing philosophers, men of letters and artists. Painters, sculptors, jewellers, upholsterers, cabinet-makers, joiners, decorators – all made explicit reference to the findings in the towns that Vesuvius buried, and there was a constant demand for books illustrated with accurate pictures.

Many European countries, thanks to the new importance given to the ancient world, opened academies in Naples and Rome to offer hospitality to those who wanted to study the newly excavated towns. In this period the younger members of many of the noble and rich families of Europe completed their education by doing a ‘grand tour’ of Europe, and a visit to Pompeii, Herculaneum and the Museo Archeologico in Naples was considered an essential pa

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