Why a Literature Review is Essential: Avoiding a Research Question Misstep

While a literature review may resemble a traditional research paper in its structure and use of sources, its core purpose is fundamentally different. This distinction is crucial for social work research, where understanding the existing body of knowledge is vital for a strong research foundation.

Traditional Research Paper vs. Literature Review

A traditional research paper aims to present original research findings on a specific topic. It typically involves a well-defined research question, a methodology for data collection and analysis, and a discussion of the results in relation to existing knowledge.

On the other hand, a literature review serves as a comprehensive overview of existing research on a particular topic within social work. Its function is to:

• Synthesize existing knowledge: It critically analyzes and integrates findings from various research studies to create a cohesive understanding of the current state of knowledge on the topic.
• Identify gaps in research: By highlighting areas where research is limited or inconclusive, the literature review paves the way for future studies.
• Situate your proposed study: It positions your proposed research question within the broader context of existing research, demonstrating its relevance and potential contribution to the field.

Why Your Research Question Can Evolve

It’s beneficial to keep your research question flexible during the initial stages of a literature review. Here’s why:

• Uncovering New Information: As you delve deeper into the literature, you may encounter unexpected findings, theoretical frameworks, or methodologies that hadn’t been considered initially. These discoveries can refine or even reshape your research question, leading to a more focused and impactful study.
• Identifying Knowledge Gaps: The literature review might reveal areas where research is sparse or inconclusive. This can lead you to refine your initial question to address a specific gap in knowledge.
• Ensuring Feasibility: The literature review can help assess the feasibility of your research question. You may discover that your initial question is too broad or lacks the methodological tools for effective investigation.

Social work research benefits from an iterative process. A flexible approach to your research question during the literature review allows you to:

• Strengthen your research focus: By incorporating insights from existing studies, you can develop a more focused and well-defined question that addresses a specific gap in knowledge.
• Enhance the relevance of your study: A research question informed by the literature review demonstrates a clear understanding of the existing research landscape and the significance of your contribution.
• Increase the likelihood of successful research: A flexible approach allows you to adjust your question to ensure methodological feasibility and a clear pathway for data collection and analysis.

Learning Resources

• Polit, C. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for practice (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. (Chapter 7: Formulating a Research Question)
• Payne, S. (2017). The art of literature review: A practical guide for social work. Sage Publications Ltd. (Chapter 2: Why Do a Literature Review?)

By understanding the distinct functions of a literature review and the benefits of a flexible research question, you can set the stage for a more impactful and well-grounded social work research project.