e first usage of racial capitalism is believed to be first used in a pamphlet by the anti-apartheid movement in London (Kundnani, 2020). The idea was initially developed by South African Marxists who were trying to come to an understanding of the Apartheid system in their home. They held a different set of beliefs to the African National Congress (ANC) who didn’t believe that there was any connection between capitalism and apartheid. Instead of this, the South African Marxists posited that racism and been essential for the development of South African capitalism (Olende, 2021). Cedric Robinson, a Black Marxist scholar, was in the Uk during this time and was heavily influenced by the theorisations of the the South Africans. Robinson extrapolated it to capitalism as a whole, positing that capitalism has been inseparably linked to ideas of race and racism throughout its history. Wealth accumulation under the order of capitalism was driven by colonialism and transatlantic slavery, therefore a capitalism without racism is an impossibility, which is due to the fact that ‘racial regimes are constructed social systems in which race is proposed as a justification for the relations of power” (Robinson, 2012, p.12). Robinsons cites two primary causes for the co-development of racism and capitalism. Firstly, he cites that Europe was the birthplace of capitalism, where ideas of racialisation and the division of the population along racial lines that were unprecedented in other parts of the world. This is depicted by that fact that he states “the bourgeoisie…were drawn from particular ethnic and cultural group” and that “the tendency of European civilisation through capitalism was thus not to homogenise but to differentiate – to exaggerate regional, subcultural, and dialectical differences into “racial” ones” (Robinson, 2000, p.25). Secondly, the idea that prior to industrial capitalism there was mercantile capitalism which was primarily constructed on the back of transatlantic slave trade, therefore on the back of racial oppression and the capital exploitation of Black people as bi-product