AI Ethics and Organisations Literature Review

 

review, you should carry out a comprehensive survey on all the main potential risks of AI systems in practices, and the existing international/national/organisational framework of AI ethics and relevant laws, regulations, policies and rules. You can use a real case in data breaches to help explain the grim situation of AI impacts/risks and the necessity of further research on AI ethics.

It is also desirable for you to present your own opinions about how to addresses challenges due to more and more applications of AI technologies at the edge. Your discussion could focus on the inadequacy and limitations of current AI ethics framework, the new issues likely to be raised by emerging AI technologies, and the research trend in the field.

 

Sample Solution

munists in Vietnam that the United States was divided over the war” (15). Giving comfort to Communist groups like the Viet Cong by protesting U.S. policy could certainly be considered a treasonous offense, or at least helpful to the enemy. In 1971 during one large protest, the Nixon administration “responded with mass arrests, incarcerating both peaceful marchers and more radical protesters” (18). President Nixon even branded the protestors as disloyal, according to the Encarta article, saying “North Vietnam cannot defeat or humiliate the United States. Only Americans can do that” (18). But despite this, the protestors’ purpose was not to give “comfort and aid” to the North Vietnamese. The people were angry over a war that seemed to have been concocted from the start, as the release of the Pentagon papers showed. Protestors were expressing their rights to free speech and assembly, not to help America lose. As Martin Luther King Jr, said in 1967, “I opposed the war in Vietnam because I love America,” (11) and that “This war is a blasphemy against all that America stands for” (11). Dissent is not treason, but rather allows Americans to challenge the government in a fair, constitutional way.

Traitors like Aldrich Ames show why the government should concentrate on those who want to harm the country rather than protestors expressing their civil liberties. Ames worked as a CIA mole for the Soviets for nine years before he was arrested in 1994. According to the Crime Library he “single handily shut down the CIA’s eyes and ears in the Soviet Union by telling the Russians in 1985 the names of every ‘human asset’ that the U.S. had working for it there” (1). Ames betrayed the names of twenty-five American spies working in the USSR, ten of whom suffered from what the KGB called “vyshaya mera (the highest measure of punishment)” (1). Here, the condemned person “was taken into a room, made to kneel, then shot in the back of the head with a large caliber handgun so his face would be made unrecognizable” (1). Ames was paid thousands of dollars for his work, which he splurged on expensive items such as Rolex watches and clothes for his wife. Though he was aware that the people he was betraying to the Soviets were most likely to be executed, Ames had no qualms – it was either they or he. Of his spying Ames said, “It wasn’t personal. It was simply how the game was played” (3). Though Ames was charged with espionage and sentenced to life in prison, his actions were certainly treasonous as he helped the Soviets execute American spies. Ames’ example shows that there are people who want to hurt America, and the government should be vigilant in pursuing them.

Treason is not a forgotten crime from another era, but a serious offense that still matters today. In the Los Angeles Tim

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