An Older Adult Assessment

 

 

 

A. An Older Adult Assessment will be conducted on a “mock patient” and will be referred to as a client, 62 years or older for the clinical learning experience and a summary of the assessment and medication-pricing analysis will be posted in the Assignments as an attachment.
Your “mock patient” should be a volunteer, such as a friend, neighbor, or relative. The assessment should be conducted in the home of the volunteer “mock patient,” and the safety aspects of the home should be assessed as well. The mock client must state his/her name and age.
• The assessment of the “mock patient” will be recorded and loaded to YouTube. It is essential to have a laptop computer with a camera or a smartphone for the older adult assessment video recording, as well as having a consent form signed.
• The Tinetti assessment will be conducted along with the basic assessment.
• Tinetti Assessment Tool – see attached forms on Module C; do not include the Tinetti forms when you upload.
• Provide an overall impression of the clinet’s rish for falls with the scores as follows:
Balance Score: __________ + Gait Score: ___________= Tinetti Score: _________
• The Tinetti Assessment tool indicates it should take approximately 10-15 minutes. However, for purposes of this assignment, you will be able to complete this assignment in 10 minutes or less.
B. Have the client complete the consent form signed/scanned and uploaded in the course. Note: All boxes within the consent form must be addressed.
C. Complete a brief nurse’s note/narrative with summary. The summary includes scores of both tests, the total score, and overall impression of the patient and the home, which will include the safety of the home, medications, locked up, etc. as well as the hypothetical medication pricing. You will also identify 3 specific community resources and 3 discount programs that could help your patient afford the 6 listed medications by creating a written plan in the nurse’s narrative/summary.
D. Medication Assistance
Consider in the event your client was on a fixed income and has no health or pharmaceutical insurance, no internet access AND can only afford $30 per month for medications. Explore three pricing options in order to provide the most cost-effective option for this client. The medications this client is on includes:
• Metformin 1,000 mg BID (diabetes)
• Atorvastatin 20 mg daily (CAD – cholesterol)
• Lisinopril-HCTZ 20/12.5 mg daily in the morning (CAD – hypertension)
• Multi-Vitamin
• Calcium 500mg daily
• Baby ASA 81 mg every other day
1. Medication Pricing: How much does each medication cost? Which pharmacy is in or near your community that your client can use?
2. Medication Assistance:
1. If the cost of a 30 day supply for these medications exceeds the client’s monthly spending limit, who will you refer her to in your community/neighborhood to help pay for these prescriptions?
2. Is your client on Medicare?
3. If your client does not qualify for drug assistance, what else could you do to assist her in obtaining the medications?

Sample Solution

c- pH-sensitive nanoparticles prepared from the mixture of polyanions and polycations:
Some techniques have been improved using the advantages of both polyanions and polycations [97,108, 113-116]. Most of the nanoparticle systems related consist of the positive-charged chitosan and a negative-charged polymer, such as Eudragit [97, 115, 117], poly (g-glutamic acid) [113, 114, 116], alginate [118], methacrylic acid [119] and polyaspartic acid [120].
d- Cross-linked polymers pH-sensitive nanoparticles (nanogels)
e- pH-sensitive nanomatrix prepared from Eudragit and nano porous silica:
A novel nanomatrix system for oral administration was developed in order to overcome the main problems of the nanoparticle colloid system which are its stability and scaling up. The system was composed of the pH-sensitive Eudragit and nano-porous silica previously used in pharmaceutical processes.

Historically, gelatin and cross-linked albumin were used to prepare the first nanoparticles proposed as carriers for therapeutic applications [121, 122]. Synthetic polymers were used to prepare the nanoparticles to avoid the usage of the proteins as they may stimulate the immune system and also, to minimize the toxicity of the cross-linking agents. At first, the nanoparticles were prepared using emulsion polymerization of acryl amide and by dispersion polymerization of methylmethacrylate [123, 124]. These nanoparticles were proposed as adjuvants for vaccines. Polymethacrylate (PMA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have been broadly used in a variety of pharmaceutical and medical applications. Specifically, PMMA Eudragit® nanoparticles can be prepared by nanoprecipitation method [125]. PMMA can be used to prepare pH-sensitive nanoparticles in order to increase the drug oral bioavailability where, the side chain of these polymers can be modified to possess pH-dependent solubility.
Poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles were first investigated as adjuvants for injectable vaccines [126, 127] when the achievement of a very prolonged immune respon

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