China’s GDP Growth Rates Compared to Britain and the United States

China’s GDP growth rates have been significantly higher than those of Britain during the Industrial Revolution and the United States from 1850 to 1989. China’s average annual GDP growth rate over the past four decades has been around 10%, while Britain’s average annual GDP growth rate during the Industrial Revolution was around 2% and the United States’ average annual GDP growth rate from 1850 to 1989 was around 4%.

There are a number of factors that have contributed to China’s rapid economic growth. One factor is that China has a large and relatively cheap labor force. Another factor is that China has been able to attract a lot of foreign investment. Additionally, China has been able to take advantage of new technologies and innovations.

Extreme Differences in Growth Rates

The extreme difference in growth rates between China and Britain and the United States can be explained by a number of factors. One factor is that China started from a much lower base than Britain and the United States. This means that China had more room to grow. Additionally, China has been able to learn from the experiences of Britain and the United States, which has helped it to avoid some of the mistakes that those countries made.

China’s Resistance to Demands for Democracy

Deng Xiaoping and his successors have been able to resist demands for democracy and maintain the dominant political position of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) for a number of reasons. One reason is that the CCP has been very effective at suppressing dissent. Additionally, the CCP has been able to deliver significant economic growth, which has helped to legitimize its rule.

Comparison of Gorbachev’s Perestroika and Deng’s Economic and Political Reform

Gorbachev’s perestroika reform movement in the Soviet Union and Deng’s vision for economic and political reform in China were both attempts to modernize and reform their respective countries’ economies and political systems. However, the two approaches differed in a number of ways.

Perestroika was primarily focused on economic reform, while Deng’s vision was more comprehensive and also included political reform. Additionally, perestroika was more decentralized and chaotic than Deng’s approach, which was more centralized and controlled.

China’s Long-Term Growth Prospects

It is difficult to say for sure whether China will be able to maintain its high growth rates over the long run. On the one hand, China has a number of strengths that could help it to continue to grow, such as a large and relatively cheap labor force, a strong savings rate, and a government that is committed to economic growth.

On the other hand, China also faces a number of challenges, such as an aging population, a rising middle class that is demanding higher living standards, and increasing environmental problems. It remains to be seen whether China will be able to overcome these challenges and continue to grow at a high rate for many years to come.

Question 2

Primary Source 21.3 Why Gender Matters (2000), World Bank

Effect of Tuition on Girls’ School Attendance

According to the World Bank’s 2000 report “Why Gender Matters”, tuition has a significant negative impact on girls’ school attendance. The report found that girls are more likely to drop out of school if their families have to pay tuition.

Relative Importance of Barriers to Girls’ Education

The report also found that both culture and poverty can pose significant barriers to girls’ education. However, the report concluded that poverty is a more important barrier than culture.

Effect of Expanding Educational Opportunity for Girls on Boys

Expanding educational opportunity for girls can have a number of positive benefits for boys. For example, it can lead to higher wages for boys, as well as reduced poverty and crime rates.

Conclusion

The World Bank’s 2000 report “Why Gender Matters” provides a comprehensive overview of the issue of gender and education. The report concludes that gender equality in education is not only a matter of fairness but also a matter of economic development.

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