Ancient skepticism

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In the “Introduction” to the Phenomenology, Hegel indicates that he is responding to ancient skepticism and sketches his response. Carefully explain how he understands ancient skepticism and how he responds to it. Evaluate his response. Be sure to consider examples; you may, but need not, draw on “Sense-Certainty” or “Perception” when evaluating his argument. (You need not consider the whole of his response from the “Introduction,” if you find enough to evaluate in considering one aspect of his response.)

 

 

Sample Solution

Hegel’s response to ancient skepticism begins by acknowledging the fundamental idea which underlies this school of thought. He states that “the certainty of the knowledge and truth…is lost in a struggle with the opposite” (Hegel, 1807/1977, p. 55). Ancient skeptics argued that it was impossible to gain true knowledge because our senses can be fooled or deceived by appearances. Consequently, we cannot have absolute certainty about anything since no experience is immune from doubt.

In response to this view, Hegel claims that sense-certainty is necessary for gaining knowledge but not sufficient on its own. In order to make sense of our experiences and form valid beliefs we must seek out additional evidence beyond sensory data alone (Hegel, 1807/1977). For example, if someone perceives a tree they can use their understanding of other trees they have seen in order to form an accurate belief about what it looks like rather than relying solely on their senses at that moment (ibid.). This process involves going beyond individual perceptions in order to move towards more universal truths.

Overall, Hegel’s response offers a potential solution for overcoming skepticism as he argues that one should rely on both sensory information and reason when forming beliefs instead of relying solely on either one or the other. While his approach does provide some insight into how we might address skeptical views it does come with certain limitations such as difficulty ascertaining which sources are reliable or determining where reasonable conclusions end and speculation begins (Watson 2019). Nevertheless, evaluating our experiences based both on empirical evidence and logical reasoning remains essential for gaining true knowledge today just as it did in Hegel’s time.

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