Anemia of Chronic Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Restless Legs Syndrome, or Hypertension.

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Develop a PowerPoint presentation on a clinical case that was seen during your experience or a topic that is of interest to you.

Select a health problem that primarily affect the older adult population. Suggested Topics: Anemia of Chronic Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Restless Legs Syndrome, or Hypertension.
Provide information about the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of the disease/disorder to the cellular level.
Educate advanced practice nurses on assessment and care/treatment, including genetics/genomics—specific for this disorder.
Provide patient education for management, cultural, and spiritual considerations for care must also be addressed.

 

Sample Solution

Slide 1

Title Slide

  • Anemia of Chronic Disease
  • A Common Problem in Older Adults

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Speaker Notes Anemia of chronic disease is a common condition, especially in older adults. This presentation will explore the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management of this condition.

Slide 2

Incidence and Prevalence

  • Anemia of chronic disease is the most common type of anemia worldwide.
  • Affects 20-30% of people over 65 years old.
  • More prevalent in hospitalized older adults.

Speaker Notes Anemia of chronic disease is quite common, especially as we age. This slide highlights the increasing prevalence with age.

Slide 3

Pathophysiology

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  • Chronic inflammation is the hallmark of anemia of chronic disease.
  • Inflammatory cytokines suppress erythropoietin production.
  • Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
  • Iron deficiency can also occur due to impaired iron absorption or utilization.

Speaker Notes Chronic inflammation is the main culprit behind anemia of chronic disease. Inflammatory cytokines suppress the production of erythropoietin, a hormone necessary for red blood cell production. Iron deficiency can also play a role.

Slide 4

Assessment

  • Complete blood count (CBC) to identify anemia (low hemoglobin and hematocrit).
  • Iron studies (serum iron, ferritin, TIBC) to assess iron status.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to evaluate inflammation.
  • Underlying chronic condition diagnosis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer).

Speaker Notes A complete blood count (CBC) is the first step to diagnose anemia. Iron studies will help assess iron status. Additionally, inflammatory markers like CRP or ESR will be checked. Ultimately, diagnosing the underlying chronic condition is crucial.

Slide 5

Treatment

  • Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying chronic condition.
  • Iron supplementation if iron deficiency is present.
  • Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) may be used in severe cases.
  • Blood transfusions in rare cases.

Speaker Notes The most important aspect of treatment is addressing the underlying chronic illness. Iron supplementation can help if iron deficiency is present. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) may be used in severe cases, and blood transfusions are rarely necessary.

Slide 6

Genetics/Genomics

  • Genetics may play a role in susceptibility to chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Pharmacogenomics can help determine the most effective iron supplementation for individual patients.

Speaker Notes Genetics may play a role in an individual’s susceptibility to chronic inflammatory conditions that can lead to anemia of chronic disease. Additionally, pharmacogenomics can help identify the most effective iron supplementation for a particular patient.

Slide 7

Patient Education

  • Importance of following treatment plan for the underlying chronic condition.
  • Importance of a balanced diet rich in iron-containing foods (red meat, dark leafy greens, beans).
  • Importance of taking iron supplements as prescribed.
  • Importance of maintaining good hydration.

Speaker Notes Patient education is crucial in managing anemia of chronic disease. Patients need to understand the importance of following their treatment plan for the underlying condition. Dietary modifications and iron supplementation are also important. Additionally, maintaining good hydration is essential.

Slide 8

Cultural and Spiritual Considerations

  • Cultural beliefs about illness and treatment may influence patient behavior.
  • Spiritual beliefs can provide comfort and strength

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