Animals in the early cultures

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PROMPT: In early cultures, animals were often represented either as a single species or composite creature. These representations appear to have had symbolic or at least purposeful meaning. Compare and contrast 4 images of animals /composite animal figures highlighted in Paleolithic to Ancient Egyptian art. Describe their characteristics (naturalistic, abstracted, composite, …) and the context in which they were found. Explain how these creatures were likely interpreted by their respective cultures based on the scholarly opinions expressed from Canvas resources, class lectures and textbook Include the title of the work, approximate date, setting, and culture for each example discussed.

How Do I Write a Good Art History Essay? These essay topics are designed to show the instructor that you understand the featured art and architecture in this unit on a conceptual level. That means you will write about the ideas that the works embody and use the art history vocabulary from class lectures and the textbook to describe the works in your essay.

• Select Examples: After you choose one topic from the selection given above, think carefully about the art or architecture examples that will clearly address the specific topic. Be sure to choose examples from a variety of style periods surveyed in this unit. Don’t choose more than
one example from a single style period (for example, don’t select all your examples from Egyptian Art). Usually if you choose your examples wisely the essay will be easy to write. You can choose any work of art or architecture that has been featured in the class lectures on Paleolithic, Neolithic, Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, and Egyptian art. These works will also be highlighted in the textbook and Smarthistory videos and articles from our course Canvas site and will provide enough information for you to write the essay.

• Describe the Works: After a brief introduction to the general topic you chose, describe the first work (usually the work that occurs first chronologically). Give the time period, the date, and the culture associated with the work. Use art vocabulary to describe the material it was made with (was this material typical for that culture?), how it was made (was this innovative in any way?), and the artist’s name if known. Is the work large or small and what meaning does this convey?

Sample Solution

Crime can be seen as culture, or culture can be seen as a creator of crime through the lenses of CC. Crime as culture can be observed among subcultures, where crime is a group activity which is caused by the identity of the group. Within criminal subcultures there is a certain set of values, norms, language and appearance that members have to adopt and the crimes that come along with it. (Ferrell and Sanders, 1995)

Criminal subcultures can be shaped by gender, class and various other inequalities. Other things we need to take into account are the authorities who label these subcultures as criminal. Media is responsible for building up the image, the constructions in CC and what perceptions the general public has on certain groups.

Media also plays a huge role in antagonising groups, by looking back at the 50’s and 60’s we can see how moral panic was caused and social problems were blamed on “evil” groups. The media reported violence committed by Hell’s Angels in America whose equivalents were the mods and the rockers in the UK (O’Malley, 1988). By using biased words such as evil and using biased sources in order to criminalise such groups, the public’s opinion of the rockers were now changed and they associated them with deviancy and criminal activities.

CC has admitted that it’s hard to precisely define what is culture (O’Brien and Yar, 2008). In a postmodern world it puts a large emphasis on globalisation, fluidity, and transition. CC can be considered as one of the most extreme forms of ethnography, as it has the most complex relationship to it. Through ethnography academics can study and observe groups of people, which can vary in sizes, and in an era of globalization, it is important to observe how society is drifting. As we know, ethnographical studies were prioritised by the Chicago School of Criminology, whereby researchers discovered a way of studying society through direct observation, which is observing people in their natural setting, without disturbing them. It is interesting that Chicago in the 1940’s received many refugees from Europe during the 2nd World War, (Kivisto, Persons and Pinderhughes, 1988) and because of this Chicago has become ethnically diverse, and so displayed many of the characteristics of a fluid diverse world, as in globalisation (Marks and Grossman, 1991). Ethnography is the best way to observe a group of people and their behaviour, and has been used with animals as well, trying to observe their behaviour in their natural setting. In this project ethnography has not been used, since it would be dangerous to attend any events with a group such as Antifa who are known to have committed violent att

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