Crime can be seen as culture, or culture can be seen as a creator of crime through the lenses of CC. Crime as culture can be observed among subcultures, where crime is a group activity which is caused by the identity of the group. Within criminal subcultures there is a certain set of values, norms, language and appearance that members have to adopt and the crimes that come along with it. (Ferrell and Sanders, 1995)

Criminal subcultures can be shaped by gender, class and various other inequalities. Other things we need to take into account are the authorities who label these subcultures as criminal. Media is responsible for building up the image, the constructions in CC and what perceptions the general public has on certain groups.

Media also plays a huge role in antagonising groups, by looking back at the 50’s and 60’s we can see how moral panic was caused and social problems were blamed on “evil” groups. The media reported violence committed by Hell’s Angels in America whose equivalents were the mods and the rockers in the UK (O’Malley, 1988). By using biased words such as evil and using biased sources in order to criminalise such groups, the public’s opinion of the rockers were now changed and they associated them with deviancy and criminal activities.

CC has admitted that it’s hard to precisely define what is culture (O’Brien and Yar, 2008). In a postmodern world it puts a large emphasis on globalisation, fluidity, and transition. CC can be considered as one of the most extreme forms of ethnography, as it has the most complex relationship to it. Through ethnography academics can study and observe groups of people, which can vary in sizes, and in an era of globalization, it is important to observe how society is drifting. As we know, ethnographical studies were prioritised by the Chicago School of Criminology, whereby researchers discovered a way of studying society through direct observation, which is observing people in their natural setting, without disturbing them. It is interesting that Chicago in the 1940’s received many refugees from Europe during the 2nd World War, (Kivisto, Persons and Pinderhughes, 1988) and because of this Chicago has become ethnically diverse, and so displayed many of the characteristics of a fluid diverse world, as in globalisation (Marks and Grossman, 1991). Ethnography is the best way to observe a group of people and their behaviour, and has been used with animals as well, trying to observe their behaviour in their natural setting. In this project ethnography has not been used, since it would be dangerous to attend any events with a group such as Antifa who are known to have committed violent att