A homeowner want to level a rear yard. You visit the site and realize that the work will require the
construction of an about 5-ft-tall retaining wall. Your subsurface exploration indicates that the soil
in the yard is homogeneous medium to fine SAND with trace amounts of silt (USCS Classification
SP) to a depth of 25 ft below ground surface. N-values suggest that the material is classified as
NYC Building Code Class 3b material; groundwater was not encountered. Laboratory tests
indicate that the sand has a moist unit weight of 122 pcf and an angle of internal friction of 33°.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Size the retaining wall such that it has a geotechnical factor of safety against sliding and
overturning of 1.5.
Assumptions
Assume a vertical surcharge of 300 psf is applied on the high side of the wall.
The wall foundation must bear 4 ft below the lowest grade for frost protection.
The stem of the wall must be a minimum of 12-inches thick.
The wall footing must be a minimum of 12-inches thick.
Ultimate friction factor for mass concrete against clean fine to medium SAND is 0.4.
Consider passive pressure in the analysis.
Lateral pressures due to the surcharge have a uniform distribution based on a pressure
equal to 50 percent of the vertical pressure.
Unit weight of reinforced concrete is 150 pcf.
Assignment
1) Produce an engineered-quality scaled drawing.
2) Include your calculations showing your assumptions, pressure diagrams and resultant
forces.
3) What is the applied bearing pressure under the wall?
4) Is the applied pressure less than the Building Code allowable?
5) If passive pressure is discounted, what is the resulting factors of
Food Corporations’ Damaging Influence Research Paper
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The creation of food has changed during that time with the ever-developing human populace and its mounting needs. Additionally, the standards of creating, buying, and preparing food have likewise developed affected by individuals’ societies and ways of life. The business of food organizations is currently loaded up with modest pre-made suppers and economical items that can be utilized whenever of the day. TV projects and web-based media channels tell the best way to plan suppers rapidly and proficiently, speaking to individuals’ requirement for comfort.
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The food business established in the rule of modest and accessible items frequently subverts numerous moral rules that should encompass a business straightforwardly affecting individuals’ wellbeing and the climate. For instance, Schlosser noticed that laborers in the food business have hazardous positions with deficient or missing security guidelines and an overall negligence for human life and wellbeing (420). Creatures experience the ill effects of food partnerships too, as the last don’t give them any capacity to carry on with a sound life, restricting them to little spaces, restricting their portability, and bringing down the nature of their food (Pollan 418). Different organizations attempt to depict these conditions as a positive result of raised productivity, dismissing the morals of food creation.
Food partnerships and the overall heading of the food business have three unmistakable negative highlights. Above all else, the creation of food, for example, meat and dairy is regularly set apart by producers overlooking any morals of raising creatures for meat and endeavoring to decrease the cost of meat by bringing down its quality. Second, the conditions in which numerous representatives of the food business need to work are unacceptable for giving them satisfactory compensation as well as for protecting them. At long last, the area of food creation with an emphasis on adequacy and speed impacts individuals’ cooking propensities, making them less specific in picking legitimate and solid fixings.
The course of activities in the food business is influenced by the developing number of individuals and their changing needs and requests. The picked way towards productivity can be clarified by the way that people need increasingly more food consistently. Nonetheless, this methodology represents a danger to the climate and its occupants, as food enterprises frequently overlook the quality norms of delivering food. Here, meat and corn creation can be a reasonable case of companies harming the climate.
The impact of raising requests can be found in the creation of corn and the utilization of its byproducts. As indicated by Pollan, the over the top utilization of corn as a taking care of base for creatures has made the business of meat creation a lot less expensive as it brought down the expenses for creatures’ consideration (418). Truly, corn was never a piece of the creatures’ eating routine before the companies chose to utilize the loss from cornfields to take care of the animals. Bovines and pigs may now be brought up in “kept creature taking care of tasks” that limit creatures’ strolling space and utilize inferior quality food (Pollan 417). Such dishonest conditions propagate creature cold-bloodedness and produce modest items with minimal dietary benefit.
The creation of meat is a muddled cycle in the business for some reasons. The climate assaulted by serious cultivating endures numerous non-recoverable misfortunes. Be that as it may, creatures are by all account not the only ones who experience the ill effects of insufficient conditions in the food business. Representatives of different assembling organizations frequently experience terrible workplaces too. These spots represent a danger to their prosperity and don’t offer adequate social or money related help.
Meat creation might be one of the most perilous industry areas where individuals can work. For instance, Schlosser depicts numerous mishaps that can and have occurred at meatpacking firms that recruit temporary workers to clean their industrial facilities (420). The security principles for these teams of laborers are essentially non-existent, and their lives are not esteemed enough by their managers to change the set up framework. In this manner, workers may get harmed and even bite the dust due to such conditions. Organizations’ have to bring down creation costs drives them to imperil individuals who can’t secure another position.
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Notwithstanding, in any event, when the item enters the market, the impact of food organizations doesn’t stop. The business additionally directs cooking propensities for individuals through promoting and media. As individuals’ needs change, so do their buying and cooking inclinations. The extent of impact arrives at individuals’ diversion and schooling also, which can be found in the case of cooking shows.
Huge numbers of the at present existing cooking shows rely upon pre-arranged dinners and fixings (Buford 355). The hosts of these projects may encourage the crowd to purchase comfort nourishments to spare their time while cooking. Modernly delivered nourishments may not offer similar measure of supplements and sound fixings (Scholliers 5). This pattern changes the manner in which individuals see food and nourishment, zeroing in on the speed of food planning more than on its quality. Additionally, the fixation of individuals with cooking shows likewise slants the perspective on food as they frequently neglect to utilize or introduce fixings in their common structure (Buford 356).
Food enterprises altogether influence the manner in which individuals produce, buy, cook, and burn-through food. Their effect can be found in each progression of the cycle, beginning with assembling and finishing with supper arrangement. Besides, all sides of the cycle experience the ill effects of the business’ emphasis on effectiveness and low costs. Creatures are taken care of bad quality waste and brought up in kept spaces, laborers are jeopardized and abused, and buyers are impacted to settle on less solid buying choices with a faulty allure of sparing some time during cooking.