Appraise A Research Design NURSING

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select one research report with a qualitative design and one with quantitative design and answer the following questions regarding the following categories:

Discuss what is meant by the term Qualitative Research
Briefly, describe the characteristics of qualitative research and identify nursing issues/phenomena that lend themselves to a qualitative research approach.
Compare and contrast three different qualitative research methodologies.
Briefly, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research evidence for informing nursing practice.
Communicate how this research design used in research.

The study, sampling, data collection, analysis, rigor, findings and limitations
Identify the purpose of the study.
Briefly, describe the design of the study and explain why you think it is either appropriate or inappropriate to meet the purpose.
Identify ethical issues related to the study and how they were/were not addressed.
Identify the sampling method and recruitment strategy that was used.
Discuss whether sampling and recruitment were appropriate to the aims of the research.
Identify the data collection method(s) and discuss whether the method(s) is/are appropriate to the aims of the study.
Identify how the data was analyzed and discuss whether the method(s) of analysis is/are appropriate to the aims of the study.
Identify four (4) criteria by which the rigor of a qualitative project can be judged.
Discuss the rigor of this study using the four criteria.
Briefly, describe the findings of the study and identify any limitations.
Use the information that you have gained from your critique of the study to discuss the trustworthiness and applicability of the study. Include in your discussion any implications for the discipline of nursing.

Discuss what you understand by the term Quantitative Research – Use the following dot points to guide your discussion (give reasons for your argument and support with references):
Describe the characteristics of quantitative research.
Identify nursing issues/phenomena that lend themselves to a quantitative research approach
Differentiate between observational and interventional research designs and also between experimental and quasi-experimental designs.
Briefly, outline the difference between inferential and descriptive statistics and their relationship to levels of measurement.
Communicate how this research design used in research.

Sample Solution

Qualitative research approaches a phenomenon, such as a clinical problem, from a place of unknowing and attempts to understand its many facets. This makes qualitative research particularly useful when little is known about a phenomenon because the research helps identify key concepts and constructs. Generally, qualitative research is concerned with cases rather than variables, and understanding differences rather than calculating the mean of responses. In-depth interviews, focus groups, case studies, and open-ended questions are often employed to find these answers. Rather than by logical and statistical procedures, qualitative researchers use multiple systems of inquiry for the study of human phenomena including biography, grounded theory, and phenomenology.

In 1781, James Watts perfected the steam engine, heat could be converted into movement, allowing the industrialisation of Great Britain. Once the machine of Industrialism started working, new class systems emerged. The middle class (consisting of Doctors, Lawyers and factory owners. Making money though the manifestation of consumerism.) And the working class (worked in the factories, mined materials for mass production or opened shops.) Perhaps the biggest change, was the industrial effect on agriculture; less and less people were required to work on farms as machines replaced most of their labour. This saw a surge in the number of people moving out of rural communities. In seventeen fifty; only fifteen percent of the population lived in towns or cities, contrastingly one hundred years later, fifty percent lived in towns or cities.

Life in crowded cities, as apposed to isolated villages brought a change in mentality, which potentially led to depression, poverty and loneness, but importantly created a sense of class consciousness, through living and working with people in the same conditions, with the same problems. People could agree on the same issues, and sympathetically complain about their situations.

‘Finally concern with productivity also implied the need for education and literacy. Reading, writing and arithmetic had been optional for peasants and farm labourers of pre-industrial societies. That is why any discussion of literature in pre-capitalist or early capitalist times involves the literature of the upper and middle classes. But the complex interacting processes of capitalist production now required a literate work force — if only to read instructions of machinery and labels on packing cases — with a basic level of numeracy and, as important as these two things, ingrained habits of time discipline and obedience.’ (- Chris Harmon)

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