Attentional and Interpretive Bias

 

Think back to the period of time following the attacks on New York’s World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. If you happened to travel by airplane during that time, did you experience a higher degree of anxiety than you might normally have? If you did not fly during that period, imagine how flying might have felt in terms of anxiety levels.

How might anxiety affect the way that you and your fellow passengers view one another within the context of a situation involving such attacks? Do you think that you would pay more attention to other travelers? Might certain behaviors seem more suspicious? These are examples of attentional and interpretive bias. These examples demonstrate how mood can affect memory and learning.

For this Discussion, consider additional examples of effects of mood on memory and learning. Consider how anxiety or depression can influence attentional and interpretive bias.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4
Post two ways mood might affect memory and learning and explain how. Explain one way that anxiety or depression can influence attentional and interpretive bias. Provide examples to support your response. Justify your response using the Learning Resources and current literature.

 

Sample Solution

Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional capacities are better focused on relevant information. Research shows that emotions can have an effect on your memory. People who are in a positive mood are more likely to remember information presented to them, whereas people who are in a negative mood (i.e. sad or angry) are less likely to remember the information that is presented to them (Levine & Burgess, 1997).

Vittola inquiries upon whose authority can request a formal statement of war, where he infers any republic can do battle, however more significantly, “the sovereign” where he has “the normal request” as per Augustine, and all authority is given to him. This is additionally upheld by Aristotle’s Politics ((1996), Page 28): ‘a ruler is the regular prevalent of his subjects.’ However, he truly does later stress to place all confidence in the sovereign is off-base and has results; an exhaustive assessment of the reason for war is expected alongside the eagerness to arrange rival party (Begby et al (2006b), Page 312& 318). This is upheld by the activities of Hitler are considered unreasonably. Additionally, in this day and age, wars are not generally battled exclusively by states yet in addition non-state entertainers like Al-Queda and ISIS, showing Vittola’s regularizing guarantee on power is obsolete. This is additionally upheld by Frowe’s case that the pioneer needs to address individuals’ inclinations, under real power, which joins on to the fourth condition: Public statement of war. Concurred with many, there should be an authority declaration on a formal statement of war (Frowe (2011), Page 59-60&63). At long last, the most disputable condition is that wars ought to have a sensible likelihood of coming out on top. As Vittola repeated, the point of war is to lay out harmony and security; getting the public great. In the event that this can’t be accomplished, Frowe contends it would be smarter to give up to the adversary. This can be legitimate on the grounds that the expenses of war would have been greater (Frowe (2011), Page 56-7). Thusly, jus promotion bellum involves a few circumstances yet in particular: worthy motivation and proportionality. This gives individuals an aide regardless of whether entering a war is legitimate. Notwithstanding, this is just a single piece of the hypothesis of the simply war. By the by, it tends to be seen over that jus promotion bellum can be bantered all through, showing that there is no conclusive hypothesis of a simply battle, as it is normatively conjectured.

Jus in bello
The subsequent area starts translating jus in bello or what activities could we at any point group as admissible in wars (Begby et al (2006b), Page 323). To begin with, it is never to kill blameless individuals in wars, upheld by Vittola’s most memorable recommendation deliberately. This is generally acknowledged as ‘all individuals have a right not to be killed’ and assuming a fighter does, they have disregarded that right and lost their right. This is additionally upheld by “non-warrior resistance” (Frowe (2011), Page 151), which prompts the topic of soldier capability referenced later in the article. This is validated by the besieging of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, finishing the Second World War, where millions were eagerly killed, just to get the point of war. Notwithstanding, once in a while regular people are unintentionally killed through battles to accomplish their objective of harmony and security. This is upheld by Vittola, who infers proportionality again to legitimize activity: ‘care should be taken where evil doesn’t offset the potential advantages (Begby et al (2006b), Page 325).’ This is additionally upheld by Frowe who makes sense of it is legitimate to inadvertently kill, at whatever point the warrior has full information on his activities and tries to finish his point, yet it would include some major disadvantages. Howeve

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