Sample Solution

fter Kenya gained their independence land policy have an intention to provide regional development policy, which focused on the economic diversification of Loitokitok’s area, which includes farming, herding and wildlife tourism (Campbell et al., 2005).
As the main implemented activity in the herding sector, it can be considered the reform of division of land to individual and group ranches in the beginning of 1950s (Campbell, 1999). The general idea of this policy was to distribute lands with rights and responsibilities attached to them between group ranch members and individual farmers .The implementation of Group Ranches started in 1968 as the part of Kenya Livestock Development Program. According to Kamau Kimani and John Pickari (1998, p. 204) this policy mainly aimed to enlarge the agricultural fields, which would cause the decreasing of land degradation in the pastoral areas. More than that, there was the intention to commercialize livestock production, which also benefits in improving herders’ earning power and increasing the Maasai’s contribution to the economy of the country. Moreover, the expansion of irrigated and rain fed agriculture into rangelands in Loitokitok’s area were supported by government because they saw the opportunity of increasing agricultural production on these slopes.
As for the wildlife management, the tourism has become one of the most important activities for the country’s economy and considered as one of the main earners of foreign exchange in Kenya. Such governmental bodies as the Kenya Wildlife Service and the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife where established to the develop tourist sector as well as protect the wildlife in national parks (Campbell, 1999).
The main problem of governmental initiatives was the poor management of them. J. C. Ng’ethe (1993) stressed that “Government influence and control in the group ranches was mainly through funding various facilities and in the repayment of loans…The problems of group ranches were further compounded by ineffective ranch committees which failed to properly manage and maintain dips, water pumps and engines”. So the lack of controlling and mentoring of the subdivision resulted in failure to meet policy’s objectives.
Massai presents one of the main habitats in the total population of the Southern Kajiado District. Historically they were the pastoralists (Campbell, 2005). The change in land distribution policy and the expansion of rainfed agriculture led Maasai to become engaged in farming. This helps him to diversified their economy and avoid drought risks. According to Cambell (2005, p. 776), “Herding was being rep