In the period of 300 – 1000 CE, three major universal religions made significant changes to political institutions in Europe, Asia, and Arabia. Christianity was adopted by Roman Emperor Constantine in 313 CE and quickly spread throughout Europe as the official religion of the empire. In 610 CE, Islam emerged from Saudi Arabia and rapidly spread across Northern Africa and parts of Asia due to its military expansionism. Buddhism developed during this time in India before spreading throughout East Asia into China and Japan. All three religions had a profound effect on their respective regions’ political institutions through intermingling with local cultures, government structures, laws and social customs.

Christianity’s influence on Europe changed many aspects of society including how people lived their daily lives by introducing new religious beliefs such as monasticism that focused on spiritual contemplation instead of worldly affairs. It also altered politics as it created an overarching unity that provided stability for empires such as Charlemagne’s Carolingian Empire which spanned from France to Germany unifying much of Western Europe under one rule for a short time until the late 900s CE when it fragmented into numerous smaller kingdoms governed by feudal systems. Christianity also brought about greater literacy rates among Europeans allowing them access to works like Augustine’s City Of God which provided a moral framework for changing government structures along Christian lines providing a strong foundation for future European Empires later developing from 10th century onward.

Islam’s introduction in Arabia had great implications for both Middle Eastern culture and politics in the region since it offered an alternative form of governance based partly on Islamic principles derived from its holy book The Quran while still incorporating pre-existing traditions found within various ethnicities making up those societies at that time thus giving rise to early Islamic Caliphates committed to advancing Islamic ideals while maintaining regional stability like Umayyads or Abbasids who ruled large parts of Southwest Asia stretching towards Central Asian steppes especially during 8th-10th centuries CE establishing lasting legacies with respect to law codes concerning taxation trade art music poetry architecture etc.. Furthermore Islam not only challenged traditional Arabian notions regarding gender relations but also served as basis upon which Arab women could take part actively in public life unlike previous times thereby empowering them leading notable examples being Aisha bint Abi Bakr wife Prophet Muhammad or Razia Sultan who reigned Delhi Sultanate where she promoted justice together with her army commander Jamaluddin Yaqut implementing reforms that would have been impossible otherwise due those oppressive cultural norms prevailing then essentially forming powerful bulwark against any form female subjugation Muslim world even today continues drawing inspiration from these examples creating more equitable societies wherein both men women can equally participate enjoy same rights responsibilities opportunities education healthcare etc..

Buddhism’s impact was most felt in East Asia particularly China Korea Vietnam etc… During Tang dynasty 618–907 Buddhist monks were influential members society often holding high ranks positions court alongside Confucian scholars contributing vast amount knowledge covering fields astronomy medicine mathematics geography literature philosophy metaphysics astrology divination language arts calendrics agriculture animal husbandry land cultivation horticulture medicinal herbs perfumes pharmacology metallurgy food preparation civil engineering waterworks construction bridge building road infrastructure architecture engineering mechanics artillery military tactics weaponry martial studies economics finance marriage customs financial strategies taxation etc… Aside material contributions Buddhists preached tenets Dharma designed promote inner peace everlasting joy equanimity providing philosophical moral ethical guidelines governing general conduct everyday affairs helping cultivate sense compassion meaning wholesome living conditions ultimately striving create harmony order between humans environment preventing further demise natural resources offering sustainable solution socio-economic problems population growth poverty inequality exploitation labor slavery food shortages epidemics famines so forth these teachings eventually found way into creeds other nations influencing governments shape laws regulations eventually resulting emergence entire new class nation states practicing Buddhism known collectively ‘The Buddhist World Order’ taking hold countries far ranging China southwards Sri Lanka Thailand Myanmar Cambodia Laos Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Philippines Taiwan Mongolia Japan ending thousand year span remarkable transformation world never seen before nor after….