Characteristics of malignant tumors regarding their cells

 

J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by a GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, and occasional nausea.
Past Medical History (PMH):
Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial Fibrillation is controlled with Rivaroxaban 15 mg by mouth once a day and bisoprolol 10 mg by mouth once a day.
Labs:
Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8% WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.

Diagnostic test:
Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of pancreas 4 cms, infiltrating Wirsung duct. The solid mass impress to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. Perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cms, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Case Study Questions:

Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C and why?
What are tumor cell markers and why tumor cell markers are ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why is this classification important?
Discuss characteristics of malignant tumors regarding their cells, growth, and ability to spread.
Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
Choose the tissue level that is affected in the patient discussed above: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, or Neural. Support your answer.

Sample Solution

Pancreatic cancer can either be exocrine or neuroendocrine [endocrine tumors], depending on the cell of origin. About 93% of pancreatic cancers are exocrine tumors, the most common type being pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDA] is an extremely aggressive disease with a high metastatic potential. In human PDA, the liver is the most common site of metastasis [accounting for over 60% of the patients], followed by lung and peritoneum. A tumor marker is anything present in or produced by cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign (noncancerous) conditions that provides information about a cancer, such as how aggressive it is, whether it can be treated with a targeted therapy, or whether it is responding to treatment.

the national bank. Regardless, the financial difficulties increased around the 2000s and called for additional severe changes and regulation to address the provisos. Bank of Ghana Act 2002 (Act 612) was proclaimed to additionally state the freedom of the national bank from administrative impact, keep up with cost solidness and elevate monetary approaches to improve development of the financial framework (Appiah-Adu and Bawumia, 2016; Mawutor, 2014).

The widespread financial idea was acquainted in Ghana in 2003 with take out division of banks, increment entrance and contest for capital preparation and make a level stage for banks. The base capital necessity was expanded to GHS 7 million and banks were supposed to accomplish this by 2006. Directly following the different changes, the Financial Demonstration 2004 revoked the Financial Demonstration 1989 to blend existing financial regulations, control banks and other related issues (Adjei-Frimpong, 2013; Swamp, 2007; IMF, 2011). The Financial Demonstration 2004 was likewise corrected as the Banking (Alteration) Act 2007 to allow the foundation of a Worldwide Monetary Administrations Community to support the progression of unfamiliar direct venture and pay from unfamiliar cash overwhelmed expenses. The Financial Demonstration 2007 presented the general financial permit for widespread and seaward banking, Class I banking permit for general banking and Class II financial permit for seaward banking. The Ghanaian money was redenominated in 2007 to compare 10,000 to one dollar. The base capital prerequisite for banks was additionally expanded to GHS 60 million to cause contest and fabricate the limit of banks to take part in bigger exchanges. Unfamiliar possessed banks had a two-year ban and nearby banks, a five-year ban to meet the prerequisite.

The Parliament of Ghana passed an alteration bill to the Bank of Ghana Act 2004 in August 2016. The 2016 Demonstration is to connect escape clauses the 2004 Demonstration, carry guidelines at standard with global accepted procedures, strengthen the independence of the national bank, present new capabilities and wipe out the impact of the Money Pastor in selecting board individuals. The nation likewise went into an IMF-upheld Expanded Credit Office Program in 2015 which determined zero-funding by the national bank to government rather than the 5% supporting ceil passed by Parliament.

Examination of current realities and issues
SWOT examination is a business examination procedure or technique plan device utilized to assess the qualities of a substance to take advantage of chances for development, address shortcomings and moderate dangers to decide strategies that will best adjust the capabilities and assets to

This question has been answered.

Get Answer
WeCreativez WhatsApp Support
Our customer support team is here to answer your questions. Ask us anything!
👋 Hi, Welcome to Compliant Papers.