Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with 2.4 billion and 1.9 billion adherents respectively (Religion by Country 2021). There are some well-known differences between Muslims and Christians. Muslims study the holy Quran, do not believe Jesus was divine or that He died on the cross and do not subscribe to the Trinity concept from the Council of Nicea. Christians do not recognize Muhammad (pbuh) as a prophet, study the Holy Bible, do not celebrate Islamic holidays, and have different days of worship than Muslims. Surprisingly there are similarities between the Islamic and Christian faiths. Islam and Christianity both ascribe that Jesus Christ was the promised Messiah and did perform miracles. Both Muslims and Christians believe Satan is real and evil and that he tries to make people follow him instead of God. The two faiths believe Jesus will return from Heaven.
riable/p75 (Van Maele et al., 2006). In spite of the fact that integration happens at random process in the cell genome, it has been demonstrated that HIV DNA is fastened to less condensed chromatin region (Brady et al., 2009; Ocwieja et al., 2011).
Integration is an irreversible activity done by integrase, the viral protein that introduces the viral ds-DNA into the cell’s chromatin. The integration results in forming small gaps in the chromatin because of integrase enzymatic activity are fixed by cellular proteins, and the viral DNA is at long last incorporated into the cellular genome. However, such intermediates like reversed-transcribed dsDNA are detected in linear or circular isoforms in the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Wu, 2004). Notwithstanding, unintegrated viral DNA has been shown to cause the depletion of major histocompatibility complex and viral receptors, and mediate expression of viral regulatory proteins the inactivity of intermediates like that is still debatable (Sloan et al., 2010, 2011).
The cellular transcription machinery is an important factor that the synthesis of full-length HIV genomic RNA depends on. Spliced transcribed HIV-RNA and shorter mRNA molecules are transported to the cytoplasm through atomic pores in a similar way as the cell mRNA (Cullen, 2003). The synthesis of viral proteins is done in a way which exploits the mechanism of cellular translation. Viral accessory protein, such as Tat, is synthesized and accumulates in the cell cytoplasm, transported to the nuclease, and expands HIV RNA translation (Zucker et al., 2001; Romani et al., 2010). Another viral accessory protein is called Rev that is also synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported to the nucleus, where it mediates the transportation of full-length HIV RNA to the cytoplasm (Cullen, 2003).
Once the viral RNA and polyproteins have accumulated in the cytoplasm followed by viral particle formation and then full-length non-spliced HIV RNA is encapsidated and sprouted from the cell. The bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2/tetherin, is a cellular restriction factor that is responsible for the inhibition of the capacity of newly fo
