Sample Solution

Civilization began to develop in the ancient Near East around 5000 BC, when humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settled farming (Soanes & Stevenson, 2007). This transition was driven by several factors. Firstly, the climate in this region underwent a major shift around 8000 BC, becoming more arid and prompting people to seek alternative sources of sustenance (Liverani & Liverani 2012). Secondly, some areas had resources that were particularly well-suited for cultivation: such as access to water and fertile soil (Liverani & Liverani 2012).

The development of agriculture led to the need for permanent structures and storage facilities. This created an incentive for people to stay in one place rather than move frequently with their herds or flocks. As agricultural production increased, so too did population density which spurred the growth of cities (Soanes & Stevenson 2007). These urban centres enabled economic specialization through division of labour and acted as hubs for trade, allowing goods from distant places such as India or Egypt to be exchanged (Soanes & Stevenson 2007). Combined with advances in irrigation systems and animal husbandry these developments laid the foundations for complex societies ruled by kings and priesthoods that emerged later during the Bronze Age (3100 – 1200 BC) (Liverani & Liverani 2012).

In addition to technological advancements many cultural practices also took shape during this time period. Writing is believed to have originated from early accounting methods used by merchants involved in long-distance trade; while religion appears to have been formulated during this period as evidenced by documents known as “Cuneiform” tablets found at archeological sites throughout Mesopotamia (“History,” 2020 ). Thus it can be said that civilization began emerging due largely to technological innovations combined with social changes occurring within ancient near east societies between 7000 – 3000 BC (“History,” 2020 ).