Clinical Trials

 

S​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​hould we conduct clinical trials on humans at all? Who should participate and is it truly possible to obtain informed consent? Should people with deadly diseases facing certain death have to wait for a clinical trial to test the efficacy of the drug if it shows to be promising in a lab? Would you consider this ​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​to be denying someone a treatment that “can’t hurt” but can only help? You might want to look at these sites: Learn More about Clinical Studies: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-studies/learn#HowAreParticipants Research Implications of the Tuskegee Study https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/after.ht​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​m

 

Sample Solution

Clinical trials are essential for testing new treatments and medications, but there must be ethical considerations in order to ensure the safety and well-being of participants. It is important that potential participants understand their rights as research subjects, particularly when it comes to informed consent (“How Are Participants Protected?” 2020). They should be provided with full disclosure about the procedures involved in the trial as well as any risks or side effects they may experience. Furthermore, researchers must take into account any conflicts of interest between themselves and the people taking part in their study so that no one is being coerced or manipulated into doing something they do not want to do (Roma et al., 2018).

Despite these precautions, there are still a number of issues that need to be addressed when conducting clinical trials on humans. For example, who should be eligible to participate? In some cases, vulnerable populations like children or prisoners may not have the ability to adequately assess the risk-benefit ratio involved with participating (Parker et al., 2019). Therefore special considerations need to be taken into account before allowing such groups access to potentially dangerous treatments. Additionally, historical events such as The Tuskegee Study – where African American men were left untreated for syphilis without their knowledge – demonstrate how easy it can be for researchers to abuse their power and manipulate study participants if proper ethical guidelines are not followed (“After The Study” 2020).

In conclusion, while clinical trials on humans provide an invaluable tool for advancing medical science, ethical concerns regarding participant autonomy remain paramount due to past abuses of power by those conducting research studies. To protect those taking part in trials from undue harm it is necessary that safeguards such as informed consent protocols are adhered to by all parties involved.

the perception of their care which will aid the educating nurse to develop best plan of care for the individual patient. The education session should be individualised to assess mental and physiological status.

It is the paramount to use the pre-operative patient educational clinic effectively to identify and foresight the patients concerns which can help to minimise disrupted theatre time and it also help for discharge planning of the patients. The patient education session can provide good understanding of the journey ahead, quality care, reduce pre-operative anxiety of patients and families. It also provides holistic needs, support at every step, safe and compassionate care, it also helps to reduce cancellations which has adverse impact on hospital finances, waste of resources and prepare patient psychologically to increase their resilience to cope with stress and anxiety so that patient can achieve satisfactory outcome of the surgery.

 

 

In the clinic, the information about cross linking surgery is imparted to the patient in the clinic through a discussion with the clinician or distributing information leaflet about the surgery and management or a combination of both. Sometimes the information leaflet provided is ignored by the patient or do not understand the information. It might be because of poor communication, stress, limited time, limited education, anxiety, perceptive abilities. The patient comes for surgery with anxiety or fear of possible loss of vision or visual impairment which can affect their self-esteem. Stress could affect patient’s cooperation intraoperatively, by increasing the risk of complication in uncooperative, stress or fearful patients. It is important to improve pre-operative patient education.

According to my experience generally, the information provided to patients in the clinic does not help to enhance their understanding of the crosslinking surgery. I experienced that when patient comes for cross-linking surgery they forget or misunderstand the information about the surgery which was provided to them at the clinic appointment. Even though at clinic, the clinicians provide leaflets and explain to the patient about surgery, still most of the time they fail to retain the information maybe because of a

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