Collaborative and cooperative learning
Collaborative and cooperative learning are both student focused models. Collaborative models places students into independent work groups. These independent work groups are given a group-based task and complete it independent of the teacher. “Similar to the idea that two or three heads are better than one, educational researchers have found that through peer instruction, students teach each other by addressing misunderstandings and clarifying misconceptions (Cornell University, 2016). This forces the students to work things out between themselves like who is doing what, what the group goal should be and correct each other. This model would be most effective in a mature and competent peer group. Group presentations are a great example of this model in action. The group would be given a subject then independently research the subject. Then the group would discuss their findings and create a presentation for the rest of the class.
Although the cooperative learning model is similar to the collaborative learning model, it is different in that the cooperative learning model is often structured to assess individual learning goals as opposed to the overall group. In addition, the teacher is more heavily involved in the process of structuring the group for them to be successful. This would be done not only by forming the teams, but “setting the groups goals, ensure individual accountability, and teaching communication and problem-solving skills” (Slaven, 2014). The individual accountability portion is distinct in this model. “Individual learning and performance can be assessed in any number of ways. Some instructors add an individual component to group projects (e.g., a short essay, journal entries); some combine a group project with an individual test or quiz” (ResourceEd., 2017).
