Common elements of the TCP three-way handshake

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What are the common elements of the TCP three-way handshake to begin communication? What are the additional elements that can be sent when the handshake fails?

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A three-way handshake is a method for establishing a connection between a local host/client and a server in a TCP/IP network. It’s a three-step procedure that allows both communication ends to establish and negotiate the settings of a network TCP socket connection at the same time before sending data like HTTP or SSH. Several TCP socket connections can be sent in both directions at the same time. A three-way handshake, also known as a TCP handshake or SYN-SYN-ACK, requires the client and server to exchange SYN (synchronization) and ACK (acknowledgement) packets before data connection may commence.

In the Coventry’s (2009) research, it was suggested that the absence of teachers’ knowledge in this field contributes to a great deal of suffering by teachers because they cannot live up to the unrealistic expectations of technologies practices imposed to them. Teachers are expected to change their knowledge beliefs and professional culture. As part of this change, teachers are expected to unlearn habits that have been useful in the past but may no longer be useful in the future, and create new pedagogies that are meaningful to leaners when learning is intertwined with technologies advance (McWilliam 2008).

Also, the attitude of the science teacher interviewed placement 2 suggests that even if the school invested in the purchase of some whiteboards, the teachers are feeling disaffection towards its use. This view is supported by many teachers, as research shows. In a study made in 2012 by Ciftci and Kurt, the teachers stated what works in a classroom, yet they were not consulted in change process. As a result, they stated there were many inappropriate decisions made for teachers regarding organisation of technology and expectations for the type of technology to be used. Lack of support provided as part of reform process for educational technology was problematic for teachers. They emphasised that they had no say in policies changes (as it happens most of the time), yet they were required to invest many hours into making the plans imposed into their work.

Maintenance of technology is also another problem for the teachers. They argue that they are not technicians, and there is a need for continuous professional hardware and software maintenance for technology to sustain its stability (Ciftci and Kurt 2012).

Therefore, can all these factors influence the learning of students? Comparing both schools’ performances there seems to be very little difference. In fact, placement 2 (where very little technology is used) have better results in the progress 8 scores and subsequently an increased number of pupils achieving A*- C in the GCSE res

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