Community-Based Nursing

 

The Healthy People project is a collection of national health objectives that serve to inform
community and public health departments by identifying preventable threats to health and
establishing national goals to reduce health threats.
Visit the Healthy People website at: http://www.healthypeople.gov. Click on Healthy People
2030 and locate answers to the following questions about the project:
1. What is Healthy People 2030 and how was it developed? (10 points)
2. List the four overarching goals? (4 points)
3. In your own words, briefly explain what each goal means. (8 points)
4. Discuss the 4 foundation health measures: General Health Status, Health-Related
Quality of Life and Well-Being, Determinants of Health and Disparities using the
following guide
a. Briefly describe all the measures of progress listed under each foundation
health measure. (20 points)
b. For each foundation measure category, select any one measure of progress
and briefly discuss what it means and how it can be used to evaluate the
foundation health measure category (15 points)
5. Identify one health problem that you have observed in your local community briefly
describe it. How big of a problem is it and who does it affect most and why? (10
points)
6. Go to the Home page again and click on Topics and Objectives. Then click on Public
Health Infrastructure.

a. Briefly describe the mission and importance of Public Health Infrastructure. (2 points)
b. List the three key elements and give an example of each. (3 points)
7. Using the 10 essential public health services, describe how as a nurse you can use
each of the ten essential public health services to manage the health problem you have
identified in your local community. (20 points)

Sample Solution

What is Healthy People 2030 and how was it developed?

Healthy People 2030 is a set of national health objectives aimed at improving the health of all Americans. It builds upon previous Healthy People initiatives and provides a framework for public health efforts across the nation. It was developed through a collaborative process involving:

  • Stakeholder input: Healthy People 2030 incorporated input from a wide range of stakeholders, including public health professionals, community organizations, researchers, and the general public.
  • Data and evidence: The objectives are based on scientific evidence and data related to current health trends and challenges.
  • Expert panels: Experts in various fields contributed to the development of the objectives.
  • Public comment: The public had opportunities to review and comment on the proposed objectives.

2. List the four overarching goals of Healthy People 2030?

The four overarching goals are:

  • Attain high, quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
  • Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health literacy to achieve improved health outcomes for all.  
  • Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
  • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.  

3. In your own words, briefly explain what each goal means.

  • Attain high, quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death: This goal focuses on increasing lifespan and improving overall health by preventing diseases, disabilities, injuries, and premature deaths. It emphasizes not just living longer, but living healthier lives.
  • Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health literacy to achieve improved health outcomes for all: This goal emphasizes fairness and justice in health. It aims to eliminate health disparities based on factors like race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, location, and other social determinants. It also stresses the importance of health literacy, meaning that people have the knowledge and skills to understand and act on health information.
  • Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all: This goal recognizes that our surroundings play a huge role in our health. It aims to create communities where it’s easier to make healthy choices, such as having access to healthy food, safe places to exercise, and affordable housing. It also addresses social factors like reducing poverty and discrimination.
  • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages: This goal focuses on overall well-being and emphasizes healthy behaviors from infancy to old age. It recognizes that health is not just the absence of disease, but also includes mental and social well-being.

4. Foundation Health Measures:

a. Briefly describe all the measures of progress listed under each foundation health measure:

  • General Health Status:
    • Life expectancy
    • Healthy life expectancy
    • Years of potential life lost
  • Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being:
    • Well-being
    • Satisfaction with life
    • Physical distress
    • Mental distress
    • Overall health
    • Chronic disease burden

     

  • Determinants of Health:
    • Physical environment
    • Social environment
    • Health services access
    • Health services utilization
    • Social and community context
    • Economic stability
    • Education access and quality
  • Disparities:
    • Differences in rates of adverse health conditions
    • Differences in rates of health behaviors
    • Differences in access to health care
    • Differences in quality of health care
    • Differences in social determinants of health

b. For each foundation measure category, select any one measure of progress and briefly discuss what it means and how it can be used to evaluate the foundation health measure category:

  • General Health Status: Life expectancy: This refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live. It’s a key indicator of overall population health and reflects the combined impact of various factors like access to healthcare, lifestyle, and environmental conditions. An increase in life expectancy suggests improvements in general health status.
  • Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being: Well-being: This is a broad measure that encompasses physical, mental, and social aspects of well-being. It goes beyond just the absence of disease and captures a person’s overall sense of happiness and fulfillment. Improvements in well-being suggest improvements in this category.
  • Determinants of Health: Health services access: This refers to the ease with which people can obtain healthcare services. It includes factors like having health insurance, being able to afford care, and having access to doctors and hospitals. Improved access to health services is a crucial determinant of health and can lead to better health outcomes.
  • Disparities: Differences in rates of adverse health conditions: This measures the extent to which certain population groups experience higher rates of specific health problems compared to others. Reducing these differences is essential for achieving health equity.

5. Identify one health problem that you have observed in your local community briefly describe it. How big of a problem is it and who does it affect most and why?

Example: Increased prevalence of childhood obesity. This is a significant problem in many communities. It affects children’s physical and mental health, leading to increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions later in life. It can also impact their self-esteem and social development. It often disproportionately affects children from low-income families and minority groups due to limited access to healthy food, safe places to play, and health education resources. It is a big problem because it has long-term health and economic consequences for individuals and the community.

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