Company using ABC costing and explain the process used in this company to assign costs in an ABC system

 

Q1. Give example of company using ABC costing and explain the process used in this company to assign costs in an ABC system? (3 marks)

Answer:

Q2. Kadhim Co. manufactures product B which is a part of its main product. Kadhim Co makes 50,000 units of product B per year. The production costs are detailed below. An outside supplier has offered to supply 50,000 units of product B per year at SAR 2.45 each. Should Kadhim Co make or buy the product B? (3 marks)

The production cost per unit for manufacturing a unit of product B are:

Direct Materials 0.85

Direct Labor 0.65

Variable Manufacturing Overhead 0.40

Answer:

Q 3. LMN Compagny produces three products K, L and M. During the year, the joint costs of

processing the three products were SAR 480,000.

Production and sales value information were as follows:

Sales Value

Product Units at Split-Off Separable Costs Selling Price

K 500,000 13 per unit 6.00 per unit 40 per unit

L 300,000 12 per unit 4.00 per unit 37 per unit

M 200,000 8 per unit 3.00 per unit 28 per unit

Allocate the joint costs using the physical output method. (3 marks)

Answer:

Q4. A company uses a process costing system for its sole processing department. There were 4,000 units in beginning WIP inventory for June and 36,000 units were started in June. The beginning WIP units were 60% complete and the 3,250 units in ending WIP were 40% complete. All materials are added at the start of processing. (6 Marks)

Required:

a) Compute the no. of units started & completed.

b) Compute the EUP for DM and CC using FIFO and WA methods.

Sample Solution

Q1. Example of a Company Using ABC Costing

Company: A manufacturing company producing various electronic components.

ABC Costing Process:

  1. Identify Activities: The company identifies key activities involved in production, such as machine setup, material handling, quality control, and engineering design.
  2. Assign Cost Drivers: Each activity is assigned a cost driver, which is a measure of the activity’s usage. For example, machine setup costs might be driven by the number of setups, while material handling costs could be driven by the number of material moves.
  3. Calculate Activity Rates: The total cost of each activity is divided by its respective cost driver to determine the activity rate.
  4. Assign Costs to Products: The activity rates are multiplied by the amount of each activity used by each product to determine the product’s total cost.

Benefits of ABC Costing:

  • More accurate product costing
  • Improved decision-making
  • Better understanding of cost behavior
  • Identification of cost reduction opportunities

Q2. Make or Buy Decision

Calculation:

  • Total cost of manufacturing:
    • Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead
    • = 0.85 + 0.65 + 0.40 = SAR 1.90 per unit
  • Total cost of purchasing: SAR 2.45 per unit

Decision:

Since the cost of manufacturing (SAR 1.90) is lower than the cost of purchasing (SAR 2.45), Kadhim Co. should continue to manufacture product B internally.

Q3. Joint Cost Allocation – Physical Output Method

Total units produced: 500,000 + 300,000 + 200,000 = 1,000,000 units

Joint cost per unit: SAR 480,000 / 1,000,000 units = SAR 0.48 per unit

Joint cost allocation:

  • Product K: 500,000 units * SAR 0.48 per unit = SAR 240,000
  • Product L: 300,000 units * SAR 0.48 per unit = SAR 144,000
  • Product M: 200,000 units * SAR 0.48 per unit = SAR 96,000

Q4. Process Costing – FIFO Method

a) Units Started and Completed:

  • Total units to be accounted for: Beginning WIP + Units started = 4,000 + 36,000 = 40,000 units
  • Units completed and transferred out: Total units to be accounted for – Ending WIP = 40,000 – 3,250 = 36,750 units

b) Equivalent Units of Production (EUP) – FIFO Method:

  • Direct Materials (DM):
    • Beginning WIP: 4,000 units * 100% complete = 4,000 equivalent units
    • Units started and completed: 36,750 units * 100% complete = 36,750 equivalent units
    • Ending WIP: 3,250 units * 100% complete = 3,250 equivalent units
    • Total EUP for DM: 4,000 + 36,750 + 3,250 = 44,000 equivalent units
  • Conversion Costs (CC):
    • Beginning WIP: 4,000 units * 60% complete = 2,400 equivalent units
    • Units started and completed: 36,750 units * 100% complete = 36,750 equivalent units
    • Ending WIP: 3,250 units * 40% complete = 1,300 equivalent units
    • Total EUP for CC: 2,400 + 36,750 + 1,300 = 40,450 equivalent units

This question has been answered.

Get Answer