Computer aided applications.

Sample Solution

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is an essential part of many industries, from architecture to engineering. It allows users to design physical objects virtually and with precision. There are numerous different software applications that can be used for CAD, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. To compare the various computer aided applications available, five popular CAD programs were selected and compared in regards to their operation platform, license type, imports and exports, pricing, and features. The first application evaluated was Autodesk AutoCAD LT. This application operates on both Windows and MacOS platforms but is limited in some of its abilities when used on Macs (Technology Evaluation Centers 2021). It uses a subscription-based licensing system which provides users access to all the latest updates as well as online support for technical issues (Technology Evaluation Centers 2021). The program supports a wide range of imports such as PDFs or images taken from other programs while exports can be made into DWG or DXF files (Technology Evaluation Centers 2021). As far as pricing goes this software costs $210 per year for a single user license (Autodesk 2021). Finally when looking at features AutoCAD LT has basic tools such as 2D drawing capabilities including 3D editing however no simulation tools are included (Technology Evaluation Centers 2021). The second application analyzed was Vectorworks Designer Pro. This program runs exclusively on macOS systems but comes equipped with powerful modeling tools capable of creating complex designs quickly (Vectorworks 2020). An annual subscription model is also in place where customers receive free upgrades every year along with 24/7 customer service support(Vectorworks 2020). Imports supported by Vectorworks include DWG files while exports can be done directly into 3D formats like X3D or OBJ models(Vectorworks 2020). Pricing wise this program costs around $700 per year making it one of the more expensive options available(Vectorworks 2020) Finally the feature set includes industry standard drawing functions plus advanced rendering capabilities and specialized architectural signs (Technology Evaluation Center 2021 ). In conclusion computer aided design is an important tool for many businesses across multiple fields due to its precision accuracy there are numerous different softwares available each offering unique benefits . When comparing these applications it’s important to look at their operating system platform ,license type , imports & exports ,pricing & features so that you can make an informed decision based on your needs.

6).

Theory 2

The success or decline of retailers is frequently “attributed to the business environments” including customers and competitors (Pradhan, p 65). Thus, in consistence with “Darwinian approach of ‘survival of the fittest’, those retailers that most effectively adapt to economic and demographic changes are most likely to grow and prosper” (Pradhan, 65). Evolution theory is “based on the effects of the external, uncontrollable environment on the retail industry and the organisations operating within it” (Fernie et al, 2015, p. 67). However, it has been argued by many theorists and researchers that organisations ability to “adapt to their environments attributes” mostly to their flexibility and power “rather than the environment” (Morgan, 2006). Thus, the survival can be determined by the organisations understanding of environmental stability, resistance to change, and their development of mechanisms that support them during uncertainty.

Theory 3

Retailers emerge, develop, mature and decline in direct response to internal and external circumstances (Hall, Knapp et al 1961; Sun, 2002). The RLC provides a useful perspective to predict the business performance of retail institutions as it specifies the series of stages that every retailer goes through. However, the RLC has been criticised because of the “difficulty in defining the exact time when the organisation moves from one stage to another” (Fernie, J et al. 2015, p. 33). Thus, in order for the concept to be useful the retailer would want to know exactly when the growth or maturity phase has ended, in order to implement marketing objectives and strategies accordingly. Arguably, it may be difficult to detect the time spent at every stage as the lifespan of many companies becoming shorter with new retailers entering and exiting the markets rapidly (Fernie, J et al. 2015). “The theory assumes that retailers are passive victims of the market change and competitor action”, thus failing to recognise that they may achieve sustainability of their business through other aspects, for example, brand repositioning. Evidently, number of retailers have successfully “repositioned their organisations’ to grow their businesses to prove that the inevitable decline predicted by the RLC is not necessarily the case” (Moore, 2010).

Application of Theory

The following section aims to support the explanation of A&F failure by critically analysing the quotes identified in section 1 and expanding on the theories discussed in section 2. Throughout the section, emergence of competitors, change in consumer expectations, economic shift and functional stupid management, have been identified as the primary causes of failure. Environmental Evolution Theory A&F is positioned within “a dynamic and rapidly changing industry” (Akehurst and Alexander, 1995, p. 67) which creates an ambiguous environment due to the rate of change and innovation created by the external stakeholders (Male, 2003). With a large offer and low switching costs, consumers possess bargaining power (Porter, 1979) over apparel retailers and are consistently looking for the best quality and cheapest prices, unless they have loyalty to a particular brand (Perrier, 2013). Thus, due to the highly turbulent nature of the industry, firms having to constantly change and adapt to grow and survive (Male, 2003). The structural change of the industry and survival of retailers can be explained using Darwinian ‘natural selection’ theory. A&F has been disrupted by the new, ‘fittest’ species including Forever 21, who have managed to ad