Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. Plaque causes a narrowing or blockage that could result in a heart attack. Aging predisposes to a high incidence and prevalence of CAD in both men and women. Aging is associated with cellular oxidative stress, inflammation, and shifts in gene expression that contribute to increased vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombogenicity. CAD is the leading cause of death in older adults, and its complications, including heart failure and heart rhythm disorders, are a major source of chronic disability, loss of independence, and impaired quality of life. High vulnerability to treatment complications (e.g. bleeding, renal failure, and confusion/delirium) confound therapeutic choices for older adults, as benefits of therapy may be outweighed by association complications and iatrogenic effects.
e of textile production and use. “Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it” (Durcanin, 1999). When consumers realise the importance of our environment, they start to wear green on themselves to show that they are contributing to the environment. To fulfil the consumers’ demand, the fashion companies start to apply green branding to their fashion brands, in other word is sustainable fashion. Consequently, being green becomes a significant symbol for a brand position to represent a company is environmental, eco-friendly, energy efficient, organic and so on.
Somehow, there are many types of fashion companies. Fast-fashion which always been criticised in lacking of environmental and social responsibility start to apply green to fulfil consumers’ demand. High-end fashion which usually can be moderately or very expensive which possible to be green. However, how far can a fashion company brand themselves to green? What is an ethical fashion? Are they ethical enough? Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to investigate the ethicality of fashion companies using green branding by looking through some well-known fast-fashion which are H&M, Zara and high-end fashion such as Stella McCartney and Everlane.
2.0 How did awareness of ethical clothing came about?
2.1 Consideration of being ethical
As consumers had been educated through the movement of ethical fashion, people become more aware of the dangers of industrial chemicals in their clothing, of environmental damages from some mainstream industrial practices, and of the unsafe working conditions (Fashion Revolution, 2013). To fulfilled the demand of consumers, fashion industry has no choice to make changes on their productions. Figure 1 shows the statistic that brands respond to #whomademyclothes campaign.
Figure 1: Statistic of fashion brands respond to #whomademyclothes campaign, n.d.
Sustainable fashion ties into the ethical as they use environmentally sustainable fibres like bamboo, hemp and organic cotton. In production, natural dyes are used to replace chemicals and water consumption through the process is greatly monitored; workers are given safe, clean working environments and there is a real openness between consumer and company – from design to production, distribution and consumption (Moely, 2017). Beyond that, ethical fashion is a term of ethical fashion design, production, retail, and purchasing. It usually
