important for healthy people and for COPD patients as it’s a critical element of the pulmonary rehabilitation programme and exercising regularly improves quality of life and general health. The PR programme trains one to breathe more effectively , start at what capable of

At present, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended by the present Global Obstructive Lung Disease document (GOLD) to help improve dyspnoea, functional capacity, and quality of life of COPD sufferers (Garvey et al., 2016). Medical professionals in this field who are establishing current guidelines for different exercises included in the PR programme may struggle with the variable degrees of severity amongst patients and the diversity of their symptoms also. As a result of this, pulmonary rehabilitation programmes vary worldwide and a PR programme should be developed to accommodate each individual patient. Below are tables based on three different exercise proposals and how they are carried out clinically from four principal qualifies associations ; 1) The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), The American Thoracic Society (ATS), The European Respiratory Society (ERS) and The American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR).

Instruction from the ACSM involve respiratory function tests and recordings to be carried out on COPD sufferers prior to initiation of PR programme such as the fraction of oxygen saturated haemoglobin in the arteries relative to the total haemoglobin by arterial blood gas tests and tracking dyspnea usuing the Borg CR10 Scale that measures physical activity intensity levels (Borg, 1982).

In some cases where patients have lost a lot of lung function due to severe COPD modified exercises are established to cater for individual patients with varying levels of lung function.

Aeroblic Exercise

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is influenced by skeletal muscle strength and endurance function and structure (fiber size, fiber type distribution, capillary density, and metabolic capacity) (Zeng et al., 2018). A prolonged lack of exercise promotes a decrease in physical activity in COPD sufferers. The activity of these muscles rely greatly on the physiologic structural elements of the particular muscle and the velocity at which a fiber contracts inversely regulates the fibers ability t resist fatigue.