Cost -Volume – Profit

The Annie Smith Dance Center The Director of Annie Smith Dance Center is asking for assistance with the financial aspects of running a professional group of performers. She wants financial information presented in an easy to read format and a better understanding of the profitability of the concerts and the organization as a whole. The Annie Smith professional group features three styles of dance concerts each year. Two of the dance concerts showcase a different genre. The third performance is a Christmas Spectacular, which is the most popular and is therefore scheduled every year. The table below provides information about expected ticket sales for the performances. Lower Orchestra Section (A) Upper Orchestra Section (B) Descriptions No. of Seats. Ticket Price Tickets sold per performance No. of seats Ticket Price Tickets sold per performance Hip-Hop Performance 150 $85 100% 450 $50 90% Jazz and Tap Dance 150 $85 100% 450 $50 60% Christmas Spectacular 150 $125 100% 450 $50 100% Ms. Smith has prepared a tentative schedule for the coming season. The table below also shows the type and number of performances and direct cost per type of concert. Descriptions Number of Performances Cost per Dance Concert (direct fixed costs)* Hip-Hop Concert 10 $48,000 Jazz and Tap Dance 5 86,000 Christmas Spectacular 20 22,000 Total Direct Fixed Costs $156,000 *Examples of direct fixed costs are costumes, rehearsals, royalties, guest artist fees, choreography, and salaries of production staff, music, and wardrobe for each of the concerts. This amount does not change with the number of performances. Additional costs: Variable costs associated with each performance are shown below. Musicians $6,100 Rental of auditorium 2,500 Dancers’ compensation 6,700 Annual general administrative and operating costs for the dance center are: Administrative staff $185,000 Insurance 2​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​5,000 Marketing 115,000 General office expenses 90,000 Case Assignment Required: Computations (use Excel) Summarize key financial information in a table as shown below. Title Name of Dance Concert Revenues/ Performance Variable Costs/ Performance Contribution Margin/ Performance Number of Performances Total Contribution/ Type of Dance Concert Direct Fixed Costs Segment Margin/ Type of Concert 1. 2. 3. Total Use the information in the table you completed to compute the number of performances required to break even for each concert. Do not include general and administrative expenses. These are separate computations for each dance concert. Compute break even for the organization as a whole (include all fixed expenses) and express the result in revenues instead of the number of performances. Ms. Smith wants the Dance Center to generate at least $200,000 in operating profit. What level of revenues does the performance group need to achieve to meet this goal? Prepare an income statement in good format to support the computations. Give a recommendation about changes Ms. Smith can implement to achieve the target profit. Support your idea with computations. Memo (use Word) Write a 4- or 5-paragraph memo to the owner of the dance center to assist her in interpreting the financial analysis. Start with an introduction and end with a recommendation. Each of the four or five paragraphs should have a heading. Short Essay (use Word) Start with an introduction and end with a summary or conclusion. Use headings. What are some shortcomings of multi-product even analysis? How does demand and resource constraints affect this type of analysis

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le ones. P450 iso-enzymes comprise a super family of hemoproteins, which 57 genes and 58 pseudogenes are known in human. Nevertheless, just approximately 30 of those genes code for protein (Guengerichet al., 2005). CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 are the three main families required in the larger part of phase I biotransformation reactions of clinically used medications, including numerous antiretroviral agents. Actually, CP450s are the main enzymes involved in the metabolism of NNRTIs, the CCR5 co-receptor antagonist maraviroc, and integrase inhibitor. P450s’ variable expression and activity contribute to intra- and inter-individual varieties in drug clearance, toxicity, and efficacy. P450 isoforms vary among different ways in their level of tissue expression, their tissue selectivity, the selectivity toward their substrates, and lastly the reactions they catalyze. Each isoform has a certain affinity for certain substrates; its activity can be affected by selective inhibitors or inducers and by the co-administration of other substrates. Furthermore, polymorphisms in of the genes that code for P450 enzymes contribute to inter-individual variation in the response of the drugs. The following section describes the commitment of P450s as an important factor in variability of inter-individual in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral agents.

5.3 CYP2B6
CYP2B6 is the only gene that is identified which belong to the CYP2B family in human. Its protein is mostly expressed in the liver (Ortiz de Montellano, 2005). The contents of hepatic CYP2B6 differs considerably (20- ‘ 250-fold) (Stresser and Kupfer, 1999; Zanger et al., 2007). Also, it has been observed that the activity of CYP2B6 measured in human liver microsomal preparations had a range from 20- to 80-fold for substrates like S-mephenytoin, efavirenz and bupropion (Desta et al., 2007). CYP2B6 is additionally found in different extrahepatic tissues, for example, the brain, endometrium, kidneys, skin and peripheral circulating lymphocytes, (Gervot et al., 1999; Ding and Kaminsky, 2003). Mo et al. suggested that roughly 3-8% of clinically used medications are completely or partially metabolized by CYP2B6 (Mo et al., 2009). For instance, CYP2B6 is to a great extent responsible for the metabolism of methadone, bupropion (typical substrate), ketamine, propofol, cyclophosphamide, and NNRTIs (efavirenz and nevirapine) (Table 2) (Wang and Tompkins, 2008).
The CYP2B6 gene is known to be highly polymorphic, and this is the main cause for wide inter-individual variations in the expression and functions of this isoenzyme (Haas et al., 2004; Rotger et al., 2005a).

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