Criminal Justice topic/problem of choice

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Focus of the Research Paper
Select a criminal justice topic/problem to define, describe the scope and consequences of the problem, interpret the issue with a criminological theory, and assess society’s responses to the problem (including public policies and other less formal responses). Papers should also present a clearly reasoned alternative that is supported by scholarly research.

While the following example can be modified to suit your needs, using this outline as a guide will likely result in a high quality final paper:

Title
Abstract
What is the topic problem? Which theory best explain the issue?
Why does this problem qualify as a “theories of criminal behavior issue”?
What are the individual and social implications of this problem? Discussion of implications should be supported by accurate research data.
What do the experts say about the problem?
What have we, as a society, done about this problem? Again, consider public policies and other, less formal responses.
How is this working?

Sample Solution

Mass incarceration

Mass incarceration is a term used to describe the phenomenon of the United States having the highest incarceration rate in the world, both in terms of the number of people incarcerated and the rate of incarceration per capita. As of 2020, the United States had over 2.2 million people incarcerated, or about 655 people per 100,000 residents. This is more than any other country in the world, including China, Russia, and India.

There are a number of factors that have contributed to mass incarceration in the United States, including:

  • The War on Drugs, which has led to the mass arrest and incarceration of people for drug offenses, many of whom are nonviolent offenders.
  • Mandatory minimum sentencing laws, which have resulted in longer sentences for many crimes, even for first-time offenders.
  • The privatization of prisons, which has created an incentive for prisons to keep beds filled, even if it means incarcerating people who do not need to be incarcerated.

The consequences of mass incarceration are far-reaching. They include:

  • The economic cost of incarcerating so many people, which is estimated to be over $80 billion per year.
  • The social cost of mass incarceration, which includes the disruption of families and communities.
  • The disproportionate impact of mass incarceration on people of color, who are incarcerated at much higher rates than white people.
  • The increased risk of recidivism, or re-offending, among people who are incarcerated.

Mass incarceration is a complex problem with no easy solutions. However, there are a number of things that can be done to address it, such as:

  • Reforming drug laws to reduce the number of people incarcerated for drug offenses.
  • Repealing mandatory minimum sentencing laws.
  • Ending the privatization of prisons.
  • Investing in programs that address the root causes of crime, such as poverty, lack of education, and lack of opportunity.

Mass incarceration is a serious problem that has had a devastating impact on our society. By taking steps to address this problem, we can make our communities safer and more just.

In addition to the consequences I have mentioned, mass incarceration also has a number of other negative consequences, such as:

  • It undermines public safety by creating a revolving door of crime and punishment.
  • It costs taxpayers billions of dollars each year.
  • It disproportionately affects communities of color.
  • It separates families and communities.
  • It increases the risk of recidivism.
  • It makes it harder for people to reintegrate into society after they are released from prison.

Mass incarceration is a complex problem with no easy solutions. However, it is a problem that we must address if we want to create a more just and equitable society.

 

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