Criticism of both Mill and Kant.

 

Explain the main features of the ethical theories of Ruth Benedict and James Rachels, Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Mill.
Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of ethical relativism, ethical egoism, virtue ethics, deontological ethics, utilitarianism, and other major ethical theories discussed.
Tasks

Read the following thought experiment from Philippa Foot and then write an essay that answers the questions that follow:

“Let us consider […] a pair of cases which I shall call Rescue I and Rescue II. In the first Rescue story we are hurrying in our jeep to save some people – let there be five of them – who are imminently threatened by the ocean tide. We have not a moment to spare, so when we hear of a single person who also needs rescuing from some other disaster, we say regretfully that we cannot rescue him, but must leave him to die. To most of us this seems clear […]. This is Rescue I and with it I contrast Rescue II. In this second story we are again hurrying to the place where the tide is coming in in order to rescue the party of people, but this time it is relevant that the road is narrow and rocky. In this version the lone individual is trapped (do not ask me how) on the path. If we are to rescue the five, we would have to drive over him. But can we do so? If we stop, he will be all right eventually: he is in no danger unless from us. But of course, all five of the others will be drowned. As in the first story our choice is between a course of action which will leave one man dead and five alive at the end of the day and a course of action which will have the opposite result. (Philippa Foot, “Killing and Letting Die,” from Abortion and Legal Perspectives, eds. Garfield and Hennessey, 2004, University of Massachusetts Press)

What would Mill tell the rescuer to do, in Rescue I and Rescue II, according to his theory of utilitarianism? Be clear in explaining Mill’s recommendation, and how he would justify it. In doing so, you must include a discussion of the following:

The Principle of Utility and how it would specifically apply in this situation—who gets “counted” and how?
What would Kant tell the rescuer to do, in Rescue I and Rescue II, according to his deontological theory? Be clear in explaining Kant’s recommendation and how he would justify it. In doing so, you must include a discussion of the following:
The first version of the Categorical Imperative and how it would specifically apply in these two situations (hint, you have to say what the maxim would be and what duty would be generated according to it).

The second version of the Categorical Imperative and how it would specifically apply in this situation.

Explain one criticism of both Mill and Kant. Afterward, argue for which ethical approach, on your view is superior. Be specific and provide reasons for your claim.
Formatting

Sample Solution

A significant area of contention is the change from “womanhood” to “parenthood”. It tends to be contended that when ladies become moms, they lose their orientation character for a parenthood personality. Bailey (1999) tracked down in her investigation of self-character and the change to parenthood: “the course of individualization which rules most of these ladies’ lives subsided with the approach of parenthood” (p. 344). This recommends we are compelled to perceive “vital ramifications for both an identity and show of self as a mother” (Mill operator, 2005, p. 14) while figuring out our way of life as ladies as well as our way of life as moms.

By tolerating the personality of mother, certain exhibitions are normal. Ladies might have a ‘decision’ to become moms yet they don’t pick the exhibition that is supposed for them to complete as a mother. These assumptions build this identity(J. Steward, 1993). Steward (2008) states: “Character classes will generally be instruments of administrative systems” (p. 166). Parenthood isn’t an exemption for this guideline. On the off chance that a mother doesn’t follow specific pre-set guidelines, they are likely to unfortunate results. Steward (2008) recommends this about orientation yet it can likewise be applied to the idea of parenthood: “a necessary exhibition in the sense carrying on of line with… standards carries with it discipline” (p. 174). This demonstrates in the event that decides are not followed that lay out great parenthood philosophy, they might be marked as a “terrible” mother.

Tiger mum peculiarity:
Geertz (1983) contends culture isn’t intrinsic, it is “systemised”. All over the planet, individuals carry on with various social lives which implies our presence of mind contrasts as per our encounters. A comparative perspective on this is of Talcott Parsons (1955) who features “the capabilities a family will rely upon the sort of society where it is found”. For instance: The Tiger mum peculiarity was presented by a renowned essayist called Amy Chua. Tiger mum usually alludes to a domineering and severe mother who compels her kids to accomplish the most significant levels in scholarly community, while compromising the youngster’s social and mental prosperity (Chua, A 2014). This technique is generally involved by families in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Tiger mums are the individuals who center just around instruction and homework and put down stopping points that might involve permitting their kid to just embrace exercises which will help their schooling. Such moms won’t permit their kid to participate in friendly exercises in the apprehension that it would obstruct the youngster’s odds of coming out on top. Tiger mums are said to apply mental command over their youngsters which restricts their personality arrangement. In the event that youngsters don’t live up to their folks’ assumptions, tiger mums can genuinely coercion their kids or now and again apply low-level actual discipline. The offspring of a tiger mum are not permitted to pursue their own choices corresponding to their schooling or their life day to day. Tiger mums push their youngsters to succeed scholastically no matter what the kid’s skill, capacities or energy for examining. A kid’s day will be busy with instructive classes, even after school which will be set by the mum. This type of nurturing is adequate in Asian societies like China, South Korea, Malaysia and Philippines. While western societies, strong nurturing is seen as misuse. In spite of the fact that, youngsters raised with tiger mums have proceeded to accomplish the most significant levels of the scholarly world, studies have shown that

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