Cultural phenomena that are evident in all cultural groups.
The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model identifies six cultural phenomena that are evident in all cultural groups:
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Communication: This encompasses verbal and nonverbal communication styles, including language, tone of voice, eye contact, and body language.
- Example: Direct eye contact may be considered respectful in some cultures but rude in others.
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Space: Refers to the use of personal space and how individuals perceive and utilize space.
- Example: Some cultures value personal space more than others, with closer proximity considered acceptable in some and intrusive in others.
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Time: This includes perceptions of time, such as punctuality, the importance of past, present, and future, and the pace of life.
- Example: Some cultures are more focused on the present, while others prioritize long-term planning.
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Social Organization: This refers to family structures, social roles, and social hierarchies within a culture.
- Example: Some cultures emphasize collectivism, while others prioritize individualism.
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Environmental Control: This refers to beliefs about how humans relate to nature and their environment.
- Example: Some cultures believe they can control nature, while others believe they are subject to its forces.
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Biological Variations: This includes physical variations within different populations, such as genetic predispositions to certain diseases and physical characteristics.
- Example: Certain ethnic groups may have a higher prevalence of specific genetic disorders.
These six phenomena provide a framework for understanding and appreciating the diverse ways in which different cultures perceive and interact with the world.