Cybersecurity incident

 

Analyze a cybersecurity incident or issue to explore the reasons and circumstances that caused the incident/issue, examine the actors involved, and provide recommendations to prevent similar incidents or mitigate the issue in the future.
Below are some resources to browse through for some topic inspirations:
https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/
https://cyware.com/category/breaches-and-incidents-news
https://threatpost.com/
https://www.securitymagazine.com/topics/2236-cyber-security-news
Structure:
The final report must follow the structure of sections outlined below:
1. Introduction
2. Case Description
3. Case Analysis
4. Recommendations
5. Conclusion
6. References
Introduction
The introduction should provide a brief overview of the case and topic and inform the reader of the core issue of the case. It is recommended to add the introduction during the final stages of writing the report.
2. Case Description
After settling on a case, research as much relevant information as possible to describe as many case details you can find. The purpose of this section is to outline the following:
What exactly happened? – Chronologically outline the event
Who were the actors involved?
What was the method, or strategy of the attack?
This step is fundamental because the following analysis and recommendation will depend on the information you present here. You should use at least three different credible sources, including: Academic publications, established news papers and magazines, professional blogs, white papers, etc.
(Wikipedia is not a credible source, but a good point to start to check the references used there).
The case description must include:
Background information on the organization involved
Timeline of events.
3. Case Analysis
The analysis is the core part of your term project. In this section you will identify and analyze the attackers’ strategies and exposed vulnerabilities to explore the circumstances that lead to the security incident.
Based on your case description you should:
Identify the vulnerabilities exposed in the case: What was the problem?
Analyze the reasons for the vulnerabilities, such as human error,

Sample Solution

Cybersecurity incidents or issues can range from large scale data breaches to smaller, targeted attacks. For example, in 2020 a ransomware attack targeted Universal Health Services (UHS), one of the largest healthcare providers in the United States (Barrett,2020). The attackers were able to gain access to UHS’s systems and encrypt the networks across all 400 facilities which caused disruption of vital patient care services (Barrett, 2020).

In order to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future, it is important to understand what led up to this attack . In this particular case , it appears that UHS may have been unprepared for such an attack due inadequate security protocols and insufficient training for staff on how to respond when faced with a cyber-attack. Additionally, weak passwords could have allowed hackers easy access into their networks. It is also possible that actors already had access prior to the attack since some reports suggest criminals may have infiltrated UHS months before launching their ransomware campaign ( Barrett, 2020 ) .

To mitigate these types of threats in the future, organizations should implement robust cybersecurity protocols such as multi – factor authentication measures; ensure regular updates and patches are applied; provide adequate training for staff on how best to respond during a cyber incident ; create a backup plan ; and monitor external sources regularly for any signs of suspicious activity or potential threats (Slavov et al., 2018 ).

y and amount of language learning of EFL students are resolved generally with their jargon information (Decarrico, 2001; Portal and Brown, 1995; Maley, 1986; Schmitt 2000, refered to in Nosratian et al., 2015). Therefore numerous EFL teachers contend that deficiency of lexical information might hamper or dial back language learning (Fan, 2003, refered to in Nosratian etal., 2015).Without approaching a scope of jargon, we will not have the option to name objects, to communicate thoughts regarding explicit subjects or activities and get our implications across (Jafari and Kafipoor,2013,p.1).

Jargon information is much of the time saw as a basic device for second language students in light of the fact that a restricted jargon in a subsequent language hinders effective correspondence. Highlighting the significance of jargon obtaining, Schmitt (2000) underlines that “lexical information is fundamental to open skill and to the securing of a subsequent language” p. 55) Country (2001) further depicts the connection between jargon information and language use as corresponding: information on jargon empowers language use and, alternately, language use prompts an expansion in jargon information. The significance of jargon is exhibited day to day in and out the school. In homeroom, the accomplishing understudies have the most adequate jargon. Specialists like Laufer and Country (1999), Maximo (2000), Read (2000), Gu (2003), Marion and others have understood that the securing of jargon is fundamental for fruitful second language use and assumes a significant part in the development of complete spoken and composed texts. In English as a subsequent language (ESL) and English as an unknown dialect (EFL) learning jargon things assumes a crucial part in all language abilities (for example tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing (Country, 2011). Streams and Nunan (1991), moreover, contend that the securing of a satisfactory jargon is fundamental for effective second language use in light of the fact that without a broad jargon, we will not be able to utilize the designs and works we might have learned for understandable correspondence. Research has shown that second language perusers depend vigorously on jargon information and the absence of that information is the primary and the biggest deterrent for L2 perusers to survive (Huckin, 1995). Underway, when we have a significance or idea that we wish to communicate, we really want to have a store of words from which we can choose to communicate this importance or idea. ”At the point when understudies travel, they don’t convey sentence structure books, they convey word references” (Krashen, as refered to in Lewis, 1993, p25). Numerous scientists contend that jargon is one of the most significant on the off chance that not the main parts in learning an unknown dialect, and unknown dialect educational plans should mirror this. Wilkins (1972) states that: ”not much worth in is having the option to create linguistic sentences in the event that one lacks the necessary jargon to pass what one wishes on to express … While without punctuation very little can be conveyed, without jargon nothing can be conveyed” p97). Different researchers like Richards (1980) and Krashen (1989), as refered to in Maximo (2000) state many purposes behind dedicating consideration regarding jargon. “Initial, an enormous jargon is obviously fundamental for dominance of a language. Second language acquirers know this; they convey word references with them, not sentence structure books, and consistently report that the absence of jargon is a significant issue”.

Jargon learning is a vital undertaking of second language students perhaps the main one. As McLaughlin calls attention to, jargon advancement is the “prime errand of grown-up L2 students” (1978:324). To this end grown-ups convey word references, not sentence structures, when they travel in far off nations (Portal 1978, refered to by McLaughlin 1978). One can push the correspondence along gave one knows the substance words

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