Data Mining

 

1) In your own words, Discuss in details the following data mining tasks. For each task, make sure to

discuss what the task does, three real life applications, and three algorithms. (Your answer goes in

the answer sheet and MUST be at least one and a half pages, single spacing).

A. Association rules.

B. Classification

C. Clustering

D. Anomaly detection

Sample Solution

The practice of mining data for hidden relationships and forecasting future trends has a long history. The term “data mining,” also known as “knowledge discovery in databases,” was not coined until the 1990s. However, statistics (the numerical study of data correlations), artificial intelligence (human-like intelligence shown by software and/or robots), and machine learning form its core (algorithms that can learn from data to make predictions). As data mining technology evolves to keep up with the endless possibilities of big data and affordable computer power, what was old becomes new again. Advances in processing power and speed have enabled us to go beyond manual, arduous, and time-consuming data analysis to quick, easy, and automated data analysis over the previous decade.

ause a conflict (Frowe (2011), Page 50). Right off the bat, Vittola talks about one of the admirable motivation of war, above all, is when damage is incurred yet he causes notice the damage doesn’t prompt conflict, it relies upon the degree or proportionality, one more condition to jus promotion bellum (Begby et al (2006b), Page 314). Frowe, notwithstanding, contends the possibility of “worthwhile motivation” in light of “Power” which alludes to the security of political and regional privileges, alongside basic freedoms. In contemporary view, this view is more confounded to reply, given the ascent of globalization. Also, it is hard to quantify proportionality, especially in war, in light of the fact that not just that there is an epistemic issue in ascertaining, however again the present world has created (Frowe (2011), Page 54-6). Moreover, Vittola contends war is essential, not just for protective purposes, ‘since it is legitimate to oppose force with force,’ yet additionally to battle against the treacherous, a hostile conflict, countries which are not rebuffed for acting unfairly towards its own kin or have unreasonably taken land from the home country (Begby et al (2006b), Page 310&313); to “show its foes a thing or two,” yet chiefly to accomplish the point of war. This approves Aristotle’s contention: ‘there should be battle for harmony (Aristotle (1996), Page 187). Notwithstanding, Frowe contends “self-preservation” has a majority of portrayals, found in Chapter 1, demonstrating the way that self-protection can’t necessarily in all cases legitimize one’s activities. Significantly more dangerous, is the situation of self-protection in war, where two clashing perspectives are laid out: The Collectivists, a totally different hypothesis and the Individualists, the continuation of the homegrown hypothesis of self-preservation (Frowe (2011), Page 9& 29-34). All the more critically, Frowe disproves Vittola’s view on retribution on the grounds that right off the bat it enables the punisher’s power, yet in addition the present world forestalls this activity between nations through legitimate bodies like the UN, since we have modernized into a somewhat quiet society (Frowe (2011), Page 80-1). In particular, Frowe further disproves Vittola through his case that ‘right aim can’t be blamed so as to take up arms in light of expected wrong,’ recommending we can’t simply hurt another in light of the fact that they have accomplished something unjustifiable. Different elements should be thought of, for instance, Proportionality. Thirdly, Vittola contends that war ought to be kept away from (Begby et al (2006b), Page 332) and that we ought to continue conditions strategically. This is upheld by the “final retreat” position in Frowe, where war ought not be allowed except if all actions to look for discretion comes up short (Frowe (2011), Page 62). This implies war ought not be announced until one party must choose the option to pronounce battle, to safeguard its domain and freedoms, the point of war. In any case, we can likewise contend that the conflict can never be the final hotel, considering there is generally a method for attempting to keep away from it, similar to approvals or submission, showing Vittola’s hypothesis is imperfect. Fourthly, Vittola inquiries upon whose authority can request a statement of war, where he suggests any province can do battle, however more critically, “the sovereign” where he has “the normal request” as indicated by Augustine, and all authority is given to him. This is additionally upheld by Aristotle’s Politics ((1996), Page 28): ‘a ruler is the regular predominant of his subjects.’ However, he really does later underline to place all confidence in the sovereign is off-base and has outcomes; an intensive assessment of the reason for war is expected alongside the readiness to arrange rival party (Begby et al (2006b), Page 312& 318). This is upheld by the activities of Hitler are dee

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