Sample Solution

Two determinants of access and exclusion in Kenya are education and class. Education is an important factor in determining one’s ability to gain meaningful access to economic and political opportunities. The level of education achieved often determines one’s ability to take advantage of such opportunities as well as their likelihood for success (Mugenda & Mugenda 2003). For example, those with higher levels of formal education have greater access to employment opportunities than those without (Lee 1999). Additionally, disparities in educational attainment among different social classes further compound existing inequalities due to the fact that poorer households often lack the resources necessary for their children’s successful academic performance (Mutie 2007).

Class also plays a major role in shaping access and exclusion within Kenyan society. Those from upper-class backgrounds tend to have more financial security which allows them greater freedom when it comes securing employment or taking part in politics (Ndetei et al. 2004). This can lead to exclusive networks being formed between members of elite groups who benefit from each other’s influence while simultaneously having a negative impact on other less privileged members of society by limiting competition within particular fields.(Mugenda & Mugenda 2003; Lee 1999; Mutie 2007; Ndetei et al. 2004)