Sample Solution

During Caliphate (Khilafat) Movement Prominent Leaders of great repute like Molana Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Abul Kalam Azad, and Shibli Numani condemned in unequivocal terms the brutalities perpetrated on the Turks by the aggressors. On the other side the Agha Khan ( president of All India Muslim League) and Syed Ameer Ali (president of the London branch of the Muslim League) respectively, they made honest appeals to the British Government to save Turkey from total disintegration. Those campaigns of the Khilafat Movement at least succeed to collect huge funds for the support of Turks (Ali, 2001).

The plight of the Turks distressed the Indian Muslims deeply. That deeply grieved the Indian Muslims were highly appreciated because they blamed all those sufferings upon the British, who they thought were out to destroy the last bastion of Muslims supremacy. Among those Muslim Leaders who warned the British government against the consequences of its interferences with the future of the Khilafat which was led by Muhammad Ali Johar. He urged the government to take into consideration the feelings and sentiments of the Indian Muslims with the regard to Turkey while formulating the policies of the empire. The Muslims hoped that their strong expression of supporter for Turkey would persuade the British not to be too harsh in their treatment of defeated foe.
Turkey signed the armistice on 3 November 1918 immediately, after that the British forces marched into Mosul. Constantinople was officially occupied by the Allies mainly by the British. Finally on 15 May the Greek armies, at the instance of England entered Smyrna. The British Government paid no head to the numerous appeals made by the Muslims from all over the India to spare Turkey. As Muslims hopes were crashed they were driven into a confrontation with the British rulers. (Ali, 2001)

On October 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee observed the Khilafat day. The first session of the Khilafat Conference in New Delhi were held and it was decided that on 23 November that Muslims would not participate in the official rejoicing over victory in the war and if their demands were not accepted. It was also decided that they would boycott British goods and would not cooperate with the Government. The prominent member of Khilafat Committee decided that a Muslim delegation under the leadership of Molana Muhammad Ali Jauhar would be arranged. After that Muhammad Ali Johar latterly sent to England. At that time the Muslim demands were presented to the British Prime Minister Lloyed Georage. His direct reply was that all vanquished states would be treated alike and there would be no exceptions. One consequences of the British stand was a decision by groups of Muslims militants to migrate from British India which was declared Dar-ul-Harb. On the other side the Indian Muslims were making heavy sacrifi