Theory: Social Control Theory

Social Control Theory

Social control theory is a theory of deviance that argues that deviance is less likely to occur when individuals are strongly bonded to society. These bonds can be formal, such as laws and regulations, or informal, such as family and community ties. When individuals feel connected to society, they are more likely to conform to social norms and avoid deviant behavior.

Politics

Social control theory is supported by a number of political policies and initiatives. For example, governments often invest in programs that aim to promote social cohesion and reduce social isolation. These programs can include things like after-school programs, job training programs, and community development initiatives.

Governments also use the law to deter deviance. Laws and punishments are designed to send a message that deviant behavior is not acceptable and will be met with consequences. This can help to deter people from engaging in deviant behavior in the first place.

Education

Social control theory is also supported by a number of educational practices. For example, schools often have rules and regulations that are designed to promote student behavior. These rules can include things like dress codes, attendance requirements, and behavioral expectations.

Schools also teach students about social norms and the importance of conforming to them. This can help students to understand the consequences of deviant behavior and to make more responsible choices.

Religion

Religion can also play a role in social control. Many religions have moral teachings that discourage deviant behavior. For example, the Ten Commandments include a number of prohibitions against deviant behavior, such as theft, murder, and adultery.

Religious organizations also provide support and guidance to their members. This can help to strengthen social bonds and reduce the likelihood of deviance.

Social Solidarity vs. Social Dysfunction

Social control theory suggests that the institutions of politics, education, and religion can all play a role in promoting social solidarity and reducing social dysfunction. By promoting social cohesion, deterring deviance, and teaching people about social norms, these institutions can help to create a more harmonious and orderly society.

However, it is important to note that these institutions can also be used to promote social dysfunction. For example, governments can use their power to oppress and marginalize certain groups of people. Schools can teach students to be intolerant of others who are different from them. And religious organizations can be used to justify violence and discrimination.

Ultimately, whether or not these institutions promote social solidarity or social dysfunction depends on how they are used. When used in a positive way, these institutions can help to create a more just and equitable society. But when used in a negative way, they can contribute to social division and conflict.

Examples of Social Solidarity and Social Dysfunction

Here are some examples of how the institutions of politics, education, and religion can promote social solidarity and social dysfunction on the topic of deviance:

Social Solidarity

• A government invests in after-school programs to provide young people with safe and positive activities to engage in.
• A school teaches students about the importance of respecting others and resolving conflict peacefully.
• A religious organization provides support and guidance to its members who are struggling with addiction or other challenges.

Social Dysfunction

• A government uses its power to oppress and marginalize certain groups of people, such as LGBTQ+ people or religious minorities.
• A school teaches students to be intolerant of others who are different from them, such as immigrants or people with disabilities.
• A religious organization is used to justify violence and discrimination against others, such as religious minorities or ethnic minorities.

Conclusion

The institutions of politics, education, and religion can all play a role in promoting social solidarity and reducing social dysfunction on the topic of deviance. However, it is important to note that these institutions can also be used to promote social dysfunction. Ultimately, whether or not these institutions promote social solidarity or social dysfunction depends on how they are used.