Diagnosis for a patient with the following CBC findings

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What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with the following CBC findings? WBC: 8.8 103/l; RBC: 3.01 103/l; Hgb: 10.3 g/dL; Hct: 32.2%; MCV: 74 fL; MCHC: 28.3 g/dL; Plt: 400 103/l; RDW: 18.4%; Reticulocytes: 2.1%.

Identify which anemia is the patient experiencing, which tests should be ordered and what type of treatment should be followed.

Sample Solution

Analyzing the CBC Results

Diagnosis:

Based on the CBC results, the patient is likely experiencing Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Key Indicators:

  • Low Hemoglobin and Hematocrit: These indicate reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
  • Low MCV: This suggests microcytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are smaller than normal.
  • Elevated RDW: This indicates variability in red blood cell size, often seen in iron deficiency anemia.

Additional Tests to Consider:

  1. Serum Ferritin: To assess iron stores.
  2. Serum Iron: To measure the amount of iron in the blood.
  3. Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC): To evaluate the capacity of transferrin to bind iron.
  4. Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels: To rule out other types of anemia.

Treatment:

  1. Iron Supplementation: Oral iron supplements are the first-line treatment for iron deficiency anemia.
  2. Dietary Modifications: Encouraging a diet rich in iron-rich foods, such as red meat, leafy green vegetables, and fortified cereals.
  3. Addressing Underlying Causes: If there’s an underlying cause for iron deficiency, such as chronic blood loss or malabsorption, it should be addressed.
  4. Monitoring: Regular blood tests to monitor the response to treatment and assess iron status.

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