Different forms of cosmopolitanism

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C​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ritically analyse the extent to which different forms of cosmopolitanism (such as legal and moral cosm​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​opolitanism) influence international politics. Please compose a 2000-word essay on the following task​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​:

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Different forms of cosmopolitanism

Cosmopolitanism, in international relations, school of thought in which the essence of international society is defined in terms of social bonds that link people, communities, and societies. More broadly, it presents a political-moral philosophy that posits people as citizens of the world rather than of a particular nation-state. Moral cosmopolitanism applies to the whole world the maxim that choices about what policies we should prefer, or what institutions we should establish, should be based on an impartial consideration of the claims of each person who would be affected. All cosmopolitan conceptions of morality hold that all human beings are morally important and must be properly taken into account in practical deliberations about any actions that may significantly affect anyone`s vital, fundamental, or otherwise important interests.

ramme (DPME, 2014)
The EPWP plays a very important role in providing income, short-term experience, and training. Granted, it may not be the ideal intervention for sustainable employment, but it does capture a notable number of young people that improve their chances of becoming economically active citizens.
However, Meth (2011) argues that the EPWP has failed to meet its objectives and falls short of its mandate because the essential component of training is often absent in many of its projects. The EPWP’s founding documents stipulate that for every 20 days worked, workers should receive at least 2 days training. The programme has been questioned on its inability to quantify the amount of training its participants receive, if any.
In addition to that there has been no real representation of young people in the programme despite this being touted by political leadership and the mandate of the programme itself. The programme is also criticized for mass maladministration and corruption (Meth, 2011).
So what do we do in the interim? What the government can do is to consider another development finance intervention that has the potential to counteract market failure as it relates to training. That is the provision of training vouchers. This approach already exists in Kenya as a scheme called Jua Kali (small enterprise). The scheme works by affording anyone who is eligible to training a voucher than can be cashed in for training voucher of their choice. The intention is to enable recipients to buy training on the open market. The effect of this is not only on the increased competition in the market amongst training providers but young people can effectively buy the skills that would improve their employability (Meth 2011; September, 2007). Further, if these vouchers are aligned with the expanding sectors of the economy, then misalignment of skills and work is also minimized.

8.4 Labour legislation: the appropriateness of the youth wage subsidy
Labour market interventions must serve the purpose of enhancing incentives for employer

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