Differentiate between formative and summative evaluation.

 

 

 

• In your own words, differentiate between formative and summative evaluation. Think back to your learning and assessment experiences and give a real-life example of each. Describe each in detail, relating them to the intended learning objectives and discussing how the strategy affected your outcomes. Will these experiences influence your own assessment planning?

Sample Solution

Methods for gauging student progress and learning can range from brief in-person teacher observation to sophisticated software programs that measure a multitude of data points. Along this continuum, a variety of assessment strategies can be applied, including interim, benchmark, diagnostic, and screening assessments. At each end of the assessment spectrum lie two often-used types of assessments: formative and summative. If formative assessment measures how a student is learning during a course of study, summative assessment is designed to measure “how much” a student has learned after a unit or course has reached its completion. One way in which the two are commonly distinguished is that formative is considered assessment for learning while summative is considered assessment of  learning.

 

 

Interpretation in history is the act of describing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating an explanation for previous events. It heavily relies on primary and secondary sources to form its base. The historian must analyze his sources to create a dynamic pattern of pictures that reflects the shape of the historical event. A good history interpretation is not measured by the ability of the historian to include all the facts into his narrative but rather the ability of him to fill in the gap of his sources with inference or speculation. Once the history is interpreted, the historian’s explanation will be evaluated whether it is objective or subjective that aligns with reality. A prominent example of this is the history of prehistoric society. One of the primary sources of this is the cave drawing of Lascaux cave that shows a vivid illustration of various animals such as horses and bison. Based on this painting, many historians and researchers have drawn different historical interpretations of it. The common would be that this painting symbolizes the lifestyles of the previous human species that depend on hunting and serve as the ceremonial purpose of a successful hunt. Other than that, a German researcher, Dr. Michael Rappengluck interpreted this painting as the representation of a historical star map. He explained that the drawing of a bird, a birdman, and a bull is the symbolism of the stars Altair, Deneb, and Vega. We may see that both interpretations are based on the same subject but have a different outcome. In this manner, we can not say that either one of them has a bad interpretation because both are aligned with reality and therefore shows the use of inferences and speculations making both of them a good interpretation.

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