Read the case study below and Give a brief summary of what you would do if you were in that situation.
Case Study:
Society can be very judgmental. Mary is a White social work student who plans to
go on for a MS degree and work in a clinical setting. She attends an urban university
and enjoys the diversity and energy of city life, but in her free time is actively involved
in social activities centered around her Scottish background. She has noticed a lot of
negative responses from all sorts of different people regarding her personal expression
with body modifications (tattoos and piercing). Mary says, “What people don’t realize
is how much they mean to me, how much beauty I see in them. It’s a chapter in my
life that I have opened to the outside world. Each one represents a certain moment in
my life or defines a part of who I am, little pieces of me stained on my skin in beautiful
contrast.” Unfortunately, Mary says she encounters people time and time again who
prejudge her because they don’t understand.
Suspicious looks and comments, or negative “vibes,” are more common in the
summertime, according to Mary. “There’s a seasonal discriminatory policy in effect,”
she says jokingly. Sometimes she gets bombarded with rude questions or smirks.
Occasionally, she does get a compliment because her artwork is done professionally
and she puts a lot of time and money into it.
What really worries her is the impending fear instilled in her by her parents and
some friends. They have told her that she will never find a decent job or gain recognition or respect with “all those tattoos.” Her mother has even gone so far as to beg
her to consider tattoo removal. Despite what they say, Mary believes there is a highpaying and respectable job opportunity in her future in the field of social work. She
argues that her skills and her credentials are what matter, not how many different
colors are on her skin.
d by the Chicago School of Criminology. Chicago was a rapidly evolving and growing city due to globalisation and immigration. Many European refugees fled the World Wars and moved to the United States, and many of them to Chicago. The rise in population and in crime has oriented the students of Chicago University to study society and find the common ground for crime. The students used ethnography to study people in their natural setting, without being interrupted, and have studied the way groups behave. The study of the context of crime and also the use of ethnography were key factors in the Chicago School that influenced CC.
Another big factor leading to the development of CC was a reaction against the kind of pragmatic, positivist criminology that arose in the late twentieth century. The larger history of criminology helps us to understand this.
In the late 20th century a variety of criminological styles had influenced the study of crime. We had criminology focusing on the individual, in late 19th century and early 20th century we had Cesare Lombroso write about the Criminal Man (Lombroso and Lombroso, 1972)and Criminal Woman (Lombroso et al., 2004) and almost every question that Lombroso raised about mental illness and crime are questions that we still ask ourselves today.
Another style of Criminology in the 19th and the early 20th century was Classical Criminology, influenced by utilitarianism they proposed penal reform in Europe, usual punishment for crime was death. Jeremy Bentham (Robbins, Bentham and Mack, 1963) argued that humans had pleasure/pain motivators when it came to committing a crime, if the pleasure outweighs the pain, a person will most likely commit the crime. The focus was on individuals making choices to commit crime. To prevent people from committing crime, punitive action was deemed essential for deterrence.
Positivist criminology, instead sought to find hidden factors and group factors that went beyond individual agency, in early 20th century defeated classical criminology, crime was no longer punished as punitively and now biological and or social factors were blamed for the actions of the individuals and groups. Increasingly positivism made use of statistical techniques, imitating the techniques of natural sciences like physics, chemistry and biology.