Sample Solution
Educational Resources in Infancy
Infant development is most often divided into these areas: cognitive, physical, emotional, social, and language. Cognitive, or brain development means the learning process of memory, language, thinking, and reasoning. In the first year, babies learn to focus their vision, reach out, explore, and learn about the things that are around them. Emotional development – babies can feel interest, distress, disgust, and happiness from birth, and can communicate these through facial expressions and body posture. Infants begin showing a spontaneous “social smile” around age 2 to 3 months, and begin to laugh spontaneously around age 4 months. An infant`s physical development begins at the head, then moves to other parts of the body. Infancy raises up (upper torso, shoulders, and head) with arms when lying face down (on tummy). Neck muscles are developed enough to allow the infant to sit with support, and keep head up. Primitive reflexes have either already disappeared, or are starting to disappear.
• Religion: Indonesia investments defines that six religions are recognised officially by the Indonesian government that are Muslims (87.2%), protestant (16.5%), catholic (6.9%), Hindu (4%), Buddhist (1.7%) and Confucian (0.7%). This data is collected from population census 2010.Every citizen is required by the law to adopt one of the religion because it becomes a mark of identification in passports and identification cards. About 207.2 million Muslims and 23 million Christians live in the Indonesia. So Islam is the first largest religion of the Indonesia and Christianity comes on the number second. Indonesian Christianity further classified into protestant and catholic and found in the Easter parts of it. Hinduism, Buddhist and Confucian also comes in the history of the Indonesia.
• Social Institutions: Sharia (Islamic law) prevails in the Indonesia and it governs the family relations. Every country establishes a limit for marriage age and in Indonesia archaeology it is 16 years for women and 19 years for boy. Forced marriages are forbidden by Islamic law but in certain parts of Indonesia, parents force their children to get married. Registration of marriage is compulsory. If the marriage is not registered then it is crime under law. If a person’s wife is unable to give birth to child, physically disabled he is entitled to have multiple wives. Islamic law gives the privilege to women to initiate divorce and after divorce man can immediately remarried but to women they have to wait for 40 days, law also impose some restrictions on the movement of women and have reserved some quotas for enhancing women participation in politics (OECD Development centre).
• Level of Industralisation: Indonesia which is ranked fourth in the world for higher population has got independence in the post 1945. Through to the 1960 Modern Industrialisation process had started. Indonesia has left behind other Asian neighbours. In this period industry has earned about third quarter of half as per capita income. In 1960-67 import was the main reason for rapid industrialisation. Since 1970 diversified industrial structure came into existence by shifting dominance of simple consumer goods and resource processing. From the mid 1980 industries started exports to enhance its growth. Major exports driver in that period were textiles, garments and footwear. Due to the major state investments a substantial growth was recorded in the heavy industries. But in early 1990, due to the higher competition in the markets, slower growth rate was recorded in the industries. In 1997 Indonesia faced crisis and between 1998 to 2004 Indonesia has elected five presidents and major modifications was recorded in the political structure. Indonesia recovered soon from the crisis. Now Indonesia has lots of jobs in service sector and technological advancements and
