Epi pop Falls among Elders

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examine a population focused populations health issue, from both an
epidemiological and ecological perspective. There are three phases to the project.

Phase I – Data
Gathering: will include a scope of the problem gathering relevant epidemiological data as well as
looking at the ecological perspective. An appropriate epidemiological model will be linked to this
phase to explain the data.

Phase II – Analysis and Synthesis: students will critically analyze and
synthesize collected data leading to the identification of a primary risk for a target population.
Phase III – Program Design: students will design a primary prevention health care program with
the goal of decreasing exposure of the target population to the risk and considering how the
program will function within the current health care environment. A health promotion model will
be described as it works to support the program. An evaluation method will be included as part of
the program plan.

phase I – Data Gathering: This phase will include a
scope of the problem using a relevant epidemiological model, as well as looking at the
epidemiological and ecological perspective of the issue (social, economic, political and ethical).
This may be laid out in a narrative format or bullets etc.
Data Gathering Criteria:
1. Epidemiological perspective:
o Occurrence of the problem (morbidity – prevalence, incidence)
o Severity of the problem (mortality – incidence)
o Look at demographics: gender, gender, education, income,
geographic areas where most prevalent
o Surveillance methods
o Current efforts to relieve the problem & the efficacy of these
measures
o Explain within and epidemiological model.
. Ecological perspective (a multi-dimensional perspective that looks beyond health).
o Political aspects (health policies, political interests that may be
factors in increasing this issue.
o How does income level effects on the issue?
o What are social & cultural effects on the issue that may lead to
increased risk?
o What are the environmental effects on this issue that may lead to
increased risk?

Sample Solution

Phase I – Data Gathering

Scope of the Problem

One population-focused public health issue that is of significant concern is obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. It is also a leading cause of death in the United States.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than one-third of adults in the United States are obese. Obesity rates are higher among certain populations, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians.

Epidemiological Data

The following epidemiological data provides a snapshot of the obesity epidemic in the United States:

  • In 2019-2020, the prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States was 41.9%.
  • The prevalence of obesity was higher among women (44.8%) than men (37.9%).
  • The prevalence of obesity was higher among African Americans (49.6%) and Hispanics (45.8%) than non-Hispanic whites (41.1%).

Ecological Perspective

The ecological perspective examines the relationship between individual health and the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence it. Obesity is a complex problem that is influenced by a number of ecological factors, including:

  • Food systems: The availability, affordability, and accessibility of healthy foods are important determinants of obesity.
  • Physical activity environments: The opportunities for physical activity are also important determinants of obesity.
  • Socioeconomic status: People with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be obese.
  • Race and ethnicity: People of color are more likely to be obese.

Epidemiological Model

The following epidemiological model can be used to explain the obesity epidemic:

Host: Individual factors that increase the risk of obesity, such as genetics, age, and sex.

Agent: Environmental factors that increase the risk of obesity, such as the availability of unhealthy foods, lack of opportunities for physical activity, and socioeconomic status.

Environment: The social, economic, and environmental factors that influence the host-agent interaction.

Phase II – Analysis and Synthesis

Primary Risk Factor for Target Population

Based on the epidemiological data and ecological perspective, the primary risk factor for obesity in the United States is the availability of unhealthy foods. Unhealthy foods are high in calories, sugar, saturated and trans fats, and sodium. They are also low in nutrients.

Unhealthy foods are readily available in the United States. They are sold in restaurants, grocery stores, and vending machines. They are also marketed heavily on television and social media.

Phase III – Program Design

Primary Prevention Health Care Program

The goal of the primary prevention health care program is to decrease exposure of the target population to the risk of obesity by increasing the availability of healthy foods.

The program will target children and adolescents, who are at particular risk for developing obesity. The program will be implemented in schools and community centers.

The program will provide students and community members with access to healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The program will also provide education on the importance of healthy eating and physical activity.

How the Program Will Function Within the Current Health Care Environment

The program will be implemented in partnership with schools and community centers. The schools and community centers will provide space for the program and will help to promote the program to students and community members.

The program will be funded through a combination of grants and donations.

Health Promotion Model

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a health promotion model that can be used to support the program. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a comprehensive model that addresses all aspects of health promotion, from assessment to planning to implementation to evaluation.

Evaluation Method

The program will be evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data will be collected on the number of students and community members who participate in the program and the amount of healthy foods they consume. Qualitative data will be collected on the participants’ perceptions of the program and their satisfaction with the program.

Conclusion

Obesity is a major public health problem in the United States. The primary risk factor for obesity is the availability of unhealthy foods. A primary prevention health care program that provides students and community members with access to healthy foods and education on the importance of healthy eating and physical activity can help to decrease the risk of obesity.

 

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