but this was wrongly read, as the secessionist feeling was always conducted by alleviating society’s grievances. Unlike many other cases in the Global South, the GAM rebel group was driven at first by ideological and ethnical reasons, and natural resources were used from time to time to contribute to its revenue, as criminal acts where potentially more effective for its finance. Control of natural resources was not the first complaint of Indonesian society, but the distribution of the resources was the main driver of this conflict.

After the detection of the people’s grievances as Stewart remarks, the government started to address the conflict by using other tools that referenced to the greed-grievance framework. Decentralisation laws passed in 1999 and applied in 2001, the special autonomy laws for Aceh and Papua (first approved in 2001 and revised in 2004) and the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in the Helsinki Peace Agreement between GAM and representatives of the Indonesian government led to more effective peace building in Indonesia, after the failed attempts of peace accords in 2000 and 2002, respectively (Aspinall, 2005). There are major risks that the MoU will not create peacekeeping in the region, however it is clearly seen that the ‘grievance side’ of the framework can also be applied in order to detect some specifics of armed conflicts.

As observed in the previous study cases, the greed or grievance perspective can be positioned according to the context of the conflicts in the Global South, as policy makers use the framework as a powerful tool to point at the major actors and the way they operate and interact.
As previously stated in this essay, greed-grievance framework is positively useful for local and international organisations for suggesting, planning and executing programmes that can contribute to the peace process of the regarding conflicts. The greed framework has been accurate in order to point at key elements of new civil wars; following up with Collier’s conditions regarding natural resources dependency, there are many cases in different regions of the Global South where the violence trends exposed by the framework can be seen; especially in the North-