e are essentials serving as bases for the establishment of welfare in this world and the hereafter. If they are ignored then coherence and order cannot be established and fasād (chaos and disorder) shall prevail in this world, and there will be obvious loss in the hereafter.
Hajiyyat (complementary). This category is a complementary to the five essential interests that had been highlighted earlier above and It refers to interests which neglect leads to hardship.
The third category is Tahsiniyyat. It comes next to the hajiyyat and refers to the aspects of Islamic law that bring comfort and ease human life. The neglect will not interrupt the normal life, however, it leads to lack of comfort in life.
The Five Elements of Darūriyyah (necessities or essentials):
1: Protection of al-Din
Protection of al-din (Religion) at a personal level is achieved through the observance of the different kind of ‘ibadah. At the society level by practice and respect the religion. Protection of al-din at government level by enforcement of the shariah ruling in all aspect of life, and make it a reference to all kind of dispute and arbitrations. Protection of al-din has a wider scope involves defending Islamic faith particularly, if it is being attacked by the enemy of Islam.
2: Protection of Life (Al-Nafs)
The Shariah has enacted harsh punishment for those who kill others in order to protect life. Shariah as well implement various rules and regulation to protect life from abuse, harm. In the light of the above shariah provide the criminal law to ensure the protection of life.
3: Protection of (Nasl) human being (Al-‘Ird) Family
Protection of dignity includes the protection of individual rights and privacy and not exposing or accusing others of misbehaviours. Islam has regulated the relationship between men and women in order to protect their dignity. One of the ways of protecting the dignity is the prohibition of adultery. Punishments for those involved in false accusation and adultery are meant to protect dignity.
4: Protection of Intellect or Mind (Al-‘Aql)
Al-‘aql or the intellect is a great gift from Allah s.w.t. to mankind. This is one of the capacities that differentiate man from animals. Islam has given the right to freedom of expression to protect the intellect. Islam encourages the acquisition of knowledge and forbids any activities detrimental to the mind. Shariah punish those who are involved in activities which detrimental the mind. Shariah forbid any food or drink which can affect the mind such as alcohol.
5: Protection of Property (Al-Mal)
