Financial Statement Accounts

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The three primary financial statements tell us important and different things about a business. The balance sheet tells us about a company’s resources and claims on those resources, the income statement measures a company’s financial performance for a period of time, and the statement of cash flows reports the cash inflows and outflows of a company by category.

You and your business partner have been running your company for one year now—long enough for your accountant to prepare a complete set of financial statements for your review. Your business partner maintains that everything she needs to know about the business is contained in the balance sheet, the statement of cash flows, and the income statement.

As a business owner, discuss at least one item (account) reported on the income statement that would help you make decisions about future business operations. In addition, choose 1 of the questions below to answer based on your response:

What are two items (accounts) from the balance sheet that you would track on a regular basis? Why?
What are two elements on the statement of cash flows that you and your business partner would find informative and useful as decisions about the future are made?

Sample Solution

An income statement is one of the three major financial statements, along with the balance sheet and the cash flow statement, that report a company’s financial performance over a specific accounting period. The income statement focuses on the revenue, expenses, gains, and losses of a company during a particular period. One item reported on the income statement that would be useful for making decisions about future business operations is the company’s gross profit. Gross profit measures the difference between a company’s total revenue and total cost of goods sold (COGS).

Thirdly, Vittola argues that war should be avoided (Begby et al (2006b), Page 332) and that we should proceed circumstances diplomatically. This is supported by the “last resort” stance in Frowe, where war should not be permitted unless all measures to seek diplomacy fails (Frowe (2011), Page 62). This means war shouldn’t be declared until one party has no choice but to declare war, in order to protect its territory and rights, the aim of war. However, we can also argue that the war can never be the last resort, given there is always a way to try to avoid it, like sanctions or appeasement, showing Vittola’s theory is flawed.
Fourthly, Vittola questions upon whose authority can demand a declaration of war, where he implies any commonwealth can go to war, but more importantly, “the prince” where he has “the natural order” according to Augustine, and all authority is given to him. This is further supported by Aristotle’s Politics ((1996), Page 28): ‘a king is the natural superior of his subjects.’ However, he does later emphasise to put all faith in the prince is wrong and has consequences; a thorough examination of the cause of war is required along with the willingness to negotiate rival party (Begby et al (2006b), Page 312& 318). This is supported by the actions of Hitler are deemed unjustly. Also, in today’s world, wars are no longer fought only by states but also non-state actors like Al-Queda and ISIS, showing Vittola’s normative claim on authority is outdated. This is further supported by Frowe’s claim that the leader needs to represent the people’s interests, under legitimate authority, which links on to the fourth condition: Public declaration of war. Agreed with many, there must be an official announcement on a declaration of war (Frowe (2011), Page 59-60&63).
Finally, the most controversial condition is that wars should have a reasonable chance of success. As Vittola reiterated, the aim of war is to establish peace and security; securing the public good. If this can’t be achieved, Frowe argues it would be better to surrender to the enemy. This can be justified beca

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