Words can harm. Emotional abuse can be just as hurtful as physical abuse and the effects can last a lifetime. Emotional abuse happens when a child is repeatedly made to feel worthless, unloved, and alone or scared. Also known as psychological or verbal abuse, it is the common form of child abuse. It can include constant rejection, hostility, teasing, bullying, yelling, criticism and exposure to family violence. The impacts of emotional abuse are just as harmful as physical abuse. Emotional and psychological harm to the children who witness this abuse is a reality to contend with. It can change an individual`s brain architecture, which can cause the person`s stress response system to be triggered more frequently and for longer periods of time and place him or her at an increased risk for a variety of physical and mental health problems, including cardiovascular disease, depression, and anxiety.
of all 49 assessed AUs, CARA found that over 70% of the oil is concentrated in just 5 of them: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins, East Barents Basins, and West Greenland-East Canada. Over 70% of the undiscovered gas is estimated to be in 3 provinces: the West Siberian Basin, the East Barents Basins and Arctic Alaska. The total mean undiscovered conventional oil and gas are estimated to be approximately 90 billion barrels of oil, 1,669 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 44 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.(https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf) This amount of resources is equivalent to 403.24 billion barrels of oil and would last for at least 13 years at current assumption rate. With such high concentration, it is easy to operate the mass production of petroleum once the technology is mature.
The increasing possibility of producing hydrocarbon in the Arctic makes the amount of fossil fuel left on the Earth more unpredictable. “It is no longer plausible to assume that the stock of future oil reserves is known, that it is limited to the conventional wells, and that there is a limit of around 100 -110 mbd (million barrels per day) in production that cannot be exceeded. … It is just a question of cost, price and whether it is worth investing in the technologies to get them out. … The problem is peak carbon: there is too much oil and gas left, as well as the vast coal deposits.” quoted from Burn Out.
Renewables
To substitute oil and gas in the energy sector, renewables are growing at an unprecedented pace. According to British Petroleum (BP) 2018 energy outlook, renewable energy is increasing its market share within the power sector at a rate of 7.5% per annual, accounting for over 50% of the growth in power generation. (https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2018.pdf)
Solar energy is one of the most widely used and best-developed renewable energies. When sunlight is absorbed by solar panels, the solar energy knocks electrons off from the atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material and produce electricity. This process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect. (http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-Sp/Solar-Cells.html)
